# go

id: GO:0018925
name: m-cresol metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving m-cresol (3-hydroxytoluene), the meta-isoform of cresol. Used to produce agricultural chemicals, and in specialty resins, pharmaceuticals and pressure-sensitive dyes." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0018926
name: methanesulfonic acid metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving methanesulfonic acid, a strong acid produced by the oxidation of dimethyl sulfide." [UM-BBD_pathwayID:msa]


id: GO:0018928
name: methyl ethyl ketone metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl ethyl ketone, a clear, colorless liquid with a fragrant, mint-like odor. It is used as a solvent and in making plastics, textiles and paints." [UM-BBD_pathwayID:mek]


id: GO:0018929
name: methyl fluoride metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl fluoride, fluorine-substituted methane, a gaseous halogenated hydrocarbon that has been investigated as an inhibitor of methanotrophy and nitrification in soils." [UM-BBD_pathwayID:mf]


id: GO:0018930
name: 3-methylquinoline metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-methylquinoline, C10H9N, an aromatic compound composed of a benzene ring and a heterocyclic N-containing ring." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0018931
name: naphthalene metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving naphthalene, a fused ring bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon commonly found in crude oil and oil products. Naphthalene is familiar as the compound that gives mothballs their odor; it is used in the manufacture of plastics, dyes, solvents, and other chemicals, as well as being used as an antiseptic and insecticide." [http://www.iversonsoftware.com/reference/chemistry/n/Naphthalene.htm]


id: GO:0018933
name: nicotine metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotine, (S)(-)-3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine." [GOC:sm, ISBN:0198547684]


id: GO:0018934
name: nitrilotriacetate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrilotriacetate, an aminotricarboxylic acid that binds bivalent metal ions in a ratio of 1:1. As an important industrial chelating agent, NTA has been widely used for various radionuclide processing and decontamination procedures, such as textile, paper and pulp processing and water treatment." [UM-BBD_pathwayID:nta]


id: GO:0018935
name: aerobic nitrilotriacetate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrilotriacetate, the aminotricarboxylic acid N(CH2COO-)3, that occur in the presence of oxygen." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0018936
name: anaerobic nitrilotriacetate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrilotriacetate, the aminotricarboxylic acid N(CH2COO-)3, that occur in the absence of oxygen." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0018937
name: nitroglycerin metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitroglycerin, a well-known nitrate ester and an important component of dynamite and other propellants. Toxic to algae, invertebrate, and vertebrates." [UM-BBD_pathwayID:ng]


id: GO:0018938
name: 2-nitropropane metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-nitropropane, a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, fruity odor. 2-nitropropane is used principally as a solvent and chemical intermediate. As a solvent, it is used in inks, paints, adhesives, varnishes, polymers, and synthetic materials. It is a feedstock for the manufacture of 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol." [UM-BBD_pathwayID:npp]


id: GO:0018939
name: n-octane metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving n-octane, the 8 carbon straight chain alkane used in organic syntheses, calibrations, and azeotropic distillations. It is a common component of gasoline and other petroleum products and the engine fuel antiknocking properties of an isomer of n-octane are used as a comparative standard in the Octane Rating System." [UM-BBD_pathwayID:oct]


id: GO:0018940
name: orcinol metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving orcinol (5-methyl-1,3-benzenediol), an aromatic compound derived from the fermentation of lichen, and synthesized, probably as a fungicide, by some higher plants." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0018941
name: organomercury metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving organomercury compound, any organic compound containing a mercury atom." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0018942
name: organometal metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving organometals, any metal-containing organic compound, especially one in which the metal atom is linked directly to one of more carbon atoms." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0018943
name: organotin metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving organotin, an organic compound containing a tin atom." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0018944
name: tri-n-butyltin metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving tri-n-butyltin, an organometallic compound composed of three butyl chains attached to a tin atom. Tri-n-butyltin is used as an antifouling agent in ship bottom paints and can be toxic to many marine organisms." [GOC:ai, UM-BBD_pathwayID:tbt]


id: GO:0018945
name: organosilicon metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organosilicon, organic compounds that contain silicon, a nonmetal element analogous to carbon." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0018946
name: aerobic organosilicon metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving organosilicons, organic compounds that contain silicon, in the presence of oxygen." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0018947
name: anaerobic organosilicon metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving organosilicons, organic compounds that contain silicon, in the absence of oxygen." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0018948
name: xylene metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylene, a mixture of three colorless, aromatic hydrocarbon liquids, ortho-, meta- and para-xylene." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0018949
name: m-xylene metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving m-xylene, (1,3-dimethylbenzene) a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0018950
name: o-xylene metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving o-xylene, (1,2-dimethylbenzene) a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0018951
name: p-xylene metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving p-xylene, (1,4-dimethylbenzene) a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0018952
name: parathion metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving parathion, a highly toxic organophosphate compound formerly used as a broad spectrum insecticide, acaricide, fumigant and nematocide. Degradation of parathion by sunlight or liver enzymes can result in the formation of the active compound paraoxon which interferes with the nervous system through cholinesterase inhibition." [UM-BBD_pathwayID:pthn]


id: GO:0018953
name: p-cymene metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving p-cymene, 1-methyl-4-isopropylbenzene, one of the alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons found in volatile oils from over 100 plants." [UM-BBD_pathwayID:pcy]


id: GO:0018954
name: pentaerythritol tetranitrate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentaerythritol tetranitrate, C(CH2-O-NO2)4, a substance produced for use as an explosive and a vasodilator." [UM-BBD_pathwayID:petn]


id: GO:0018955
name: phenanthrene metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon used in explosives and in the synthesis of dyes and drugs. Although phenanthrene is not mutagenic or carcinogenic, it has been shown to be toxic to marine diatoms, gastropods, mussels, crustaceans, and fish." [GOC:jl, UM-BBD_pathwayID:pha]


id: GO:0018956
name: phenanthrene catabolic process via trans-9(R),10(R)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, where trans-9(R),10(R)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene is the principal intermediate metabolite." [UM-BBD_pathwayID:pha3]


id: GO:0018957
name: phenanthrene catabolic process via trans-9(S),10(S)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, where trans-9(S),10(S)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene is the principal intermediate metabolite." [UM-BBD_pathwayID:pha2]


id: GO:0018958
name: phenol-containing compound metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring." [CHEBI:33853, ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0018959
name: aerobic phenol-containing compound metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the presence of oxygen." [CHEBI:33853, ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0018960
name: 4-nitrophenol metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-nitrophenol, a nitroaromatic compound which is used in the production of dyes, leather treatment agents, fungicides and as an intermediate in the production of the insecticide parathion." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0018961
name: pentachlorophenol metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentachlorophenol, a chlorinated insecticide and fungicide used primarily to protect timber from fungal rot and wood boring insects. Pentachlorophenol is significantly toxic to mammals, plants, and many microorganisms." [UM-BBD_pathwayID:pcp]


id: GO:0018962
name: 3-phenylpropionate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-phenylpropionate, the anion of phenylpropanoic acid. It is produced from putrefaction of proteins in soil or breakdown of several constituents of plants, such as lignin, various oils and resins." [GOC:ai, UM-BBD_pathwayID:ppa]


id: GO:0018963
name: phthalate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving phthalate, the anion of phthalic acid. Phthalic acid diesters are used industrially in the production of a variety of household and consumer goods including plastic polymers, lubricating oils, and carriers for perfumes in cosmetics, while phthalic acid itself is used industrially as a plasticizer. Terephthalate is used in the synthesis of polyethylene terephthalate (polyethene terephthlate, abbreviated PET or PETE), a plastic polymer with many commercial uses." [UM-BBD_pathwayID:pth]


id: GO:0018964
name: propylene metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving propylene, an alkene produced by catalytic or thermal cracking of hydrocarbons or as a by-product of petroleum refining. It is used mainly in the preparation of alkylates for gasoline and in the production of polypropylene, acrylonitrile, propylene oxide and a number of other industrial chemicals." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0018965
name: s-triazine compound metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving any s-triazine compound. These compounds include many pesticides of widespread use in agriculture, and are characterized by a symmetrical hexameric ring consisting of alternating carbon and nitrogen atoms." [UM-BBD_pathwayID:tria]


id: GO:0018966
name: styrene metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving styrene, an aromatic hydrocarbon liquid soluble in ether and alcohol. When heated, exposed to light or added to a peroxide catalyst, it undergoes polymerization to form polystyrene, a versatile material used in the manufacture of plastics, synthetic rubber, thermal insulation, and packaging. Styrene is a classified mutagen and a suspected carcinogen." [GOC:jl, UM-BBD_pathwayID:sty]


id: GO:0018967
name: tetrachloroethylene metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrachloroethylene (tetrachloroethene), a derivative of ethene with the hydrogen atoms replaced by chlorines. Tetrachloroethene has been used primarily as a solvent in dry-cleaning industries and to a lesser extent as a degreasing solvent." [http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/GDWQ/Chemicals/tetrachloroethenesum.htm]


id: GO:0018968
name: tetrahydrofuran metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrofuran, a cyclic 4 carbon ether. It is one of the most polar ethers and is a widely used solvent for polar reagents. Since THF is very soluble in water and has a relatively low boiling point, significant amounts are often released into the environment, causing contamination problems." [UM-BBD_pathwayID:thf]


id: GO:0018969
name: thiocyanate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiocyanate, the anion of thiocyanic acid, a toxic cyanide derivative commonly formed as a by-product in the production of gas for fuel, coke, and substances for chemical industries." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0018970
name: toluene metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving toluene, a volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbon found in crude petroleum and petroleum products such as gasoline and commonly used as a paint thinning agent and in other solvent applications." [UM-BBD_pathwayID:tol]


id: GO:0018971
name: anaerobic toluene metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving toluene, a volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbon found in crude petroleum and petroleum products, that occur in the absence of oxygen." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0018972
name: toluene-4-sulfonate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving toluene-4-sulfonate, the anion of 4-toluene sulfonic acid, a white crystalline solid which is highly hygroscopic and soluble in water." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0018973
name: trinitrotoluene metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving trinitrotoluene, a methylated benzene molecule with three NO2 groups attached to it. This includes the explosive TNT, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0018974
name: 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid. It is prepared from toluene treated with concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids and is used in shells, bombs, and blasting explosives." [ISBN:0333781767]


id: GO:0018975
name: anaerobic 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid, that occur in the absence of oxygen." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0018976
name: 1,2,3-tribromopropane metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,2,3-tribromopropane, a toxic and volatile organic compound commonly used as a nematocide in agriculture." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0018977
name: 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), a chlorinated broad spectrum contact insecticide." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0018978
name: anaerobic 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), a chlorinated, broad spectrum, contact insecticide, in the absence of oxygen." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0018979
name: trichloroethylene metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving trichloroethylene, a toxic, colorless, photoreactive, chlorinated hydrocarbon liquid, commonly used as a metal degreaser and solvent." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0018980
name: 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated aromatic compound which is widely used as a herbicide, often as a weed killer for home lawns." [UM-BBD_pathwayID:2\,4\,5-t]


id: GO:0018981
name: triethanolamine metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving triethanolamine, a combustible, hygroscopic, colorless liquid commonly used in dry-cleaning solutions, cosmetics, detergents, textile processing, wool scouring, and as a corrosion inhibitor and pharmaceutical alkalizing agent." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0018982
name: vanillin metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving vanillin, an aromatic hydrocarbon which occurs naturally in black vanilla bean pods and can be obtained as a by-product of the pulp and paper industry by the oxidative breakdown of lignin." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0018983
name: Z-phenylacetaldoxime metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving Z-phenylacetaldoxime, a member of the glucosinolate group of compounds, a class of natural products that are gaining increasing interest as cancer-preventing agents and crop protectants." [UM-BBD_pathwayID:car]


id: GO:0018984
name: naphthalenesulfonate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving naphthalenesulfonate, sulfonated derivatives of naphthalene." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0018988
name: obsolete molting cycle, protein-based cuticle
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "OBSOLETE. The periodic shedding of part or all of a protein-based cuticle, which is then replaced by a new protein-based cuticle. A cuticle is the outer layer of an animal which acts to prevent water loss." [GOC:ems, GOC:mtg_sensu]


id: GO:0018989
name: apolysis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The first process of molting, characterized by the detachment of the old cuticle from the underlying epidermal cells." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0018990
name: ecdysis, chitin-based cuticle
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The shedding of the old chitin-based cuticlar fragments during the molting cycle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu]


id: GO:0018991
name: oviposition
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The deposition of eggs (either fertilized or not) upon a surface or into a medium such as water." [GOC:ems]


id: GO:0018995
name: host
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "Any organism in which another organism, especially a parasite or symbiont, spends part or all of its life cycle and from which it obtains nourishment and/or protection." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0018996
name: molting cycle, collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The periodic shedding of part or all of a collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle, which is then replaced by a new collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle. An example of this is found in the Nematode worm, Caenorhabditis elegans." [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_sensu]


id: GO:0019000
name: obsolete endonuclease G activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete)." [PMID:12444964, PMID:12928502, PMID:12941691]


id: GO:0019001
name: guanyl nucleotide binding
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with guanyl nucleotides, any compound consisting of guanosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019005
name: SCF ubiquitin ligase complex
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1)." [PMID:15571813, PMID:15688063]


id: GO:0019008
name: molybdopterin synthase complex
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "A protein complex that possesses molybdopterin synthase activity. In E. coli, the complex is a heterotetramer consisting of two MoaD and two MoaE subunits." [GOC:mah, PMID:12571227, PMID:15709772]


id: GO:0019010
name: farnesoic acid O-methyltransferase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: farnesoic acid + S-adenosyl-methionine = methyl farnesoate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine." [PMID:12135499]


id: GO:0019013
name: viral nucleocapsid
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "The complete protein-nucleic acid complex that is the packaged form of the genome in a virus particle." [ISBN:0781702534]


id: GO:0019015
name: viral genome
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "The whole of the genetic information of a virus, contained as either DNA or RNA." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019017
name: segmented viral genome
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "A viral genome that is divided into two or more physically separate molecules of nucleic acid and packaged into a single virion." [ISBN:0121585336]


id: GO:0019018
name: bipartite viral genome
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "A segmented viral genome consisting of two sub-genomic nucleic acids but each nucleic acid is packaged into a different virion." [ISBN:0121585336]


id: GO:0019019
name: tripartite viral genome
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "A segmented viral genome consisting of three sub-genomic nucleic acids but each nucleic acid is packaged into a different virion." [ISBN:0121585336]


id: GO:0019020
name: multipartite viral genome
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "A segmented viral genome consisting of more than three sub-genomic nucleic acids but each nucleic acid is packaged into a different virion." [ISBN:0121585336]


id: GO:0019022
name: RNA viral genome
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "A viral genome composed of ribonucleic acid. This results in genome replication and expression of genetic information being inextricably linked." [ISBN:0121585336]


id: GO:0019024
name: ssRNA viral genome
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "A viral genome composed of single stranded RNA of either positive or negative sense." [ISBN:0121585336]


id: GO:0019027
name: ambisense viral genome
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "A RNA genome that contains coding regions that are either positive sense or negative sense on the same RNA molecule." [ISBN:0121585336]


id: GO:0019028
name: viral capsid
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles. It comprises numerous regularly arranged subunits, or capsomeres." [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019029
name: helical viral capsid
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles; the subunits are arranged to form a protein helix with the genetic material contained within. Tobacco mosaic virus has such a capsid structure." [ISBN:071673706X, UniProtKB-KW:KW-1139, VZ:885]


id: GO:0019030
name: icosahedral viral capsid
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles; the subunits are arranged to form an icosahedron, a solid with 20 faces and 12 vertices. Icosahedral capsids have 12 pentamers plus 10(T-1) hexamers, where T is the triangulation number. Tobacco satellite necrosis virus has such a capsid structure." [GOC:bm, ISBN:0198506732, ISBN:071673706X, VZ:885, Wikipedia:Capsid]


id: GO:0019031
name: viral envelope
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "The lipid bilayer of a virion that surrounds the protein capsid. May also contain glycoproteins." [GOC:bf, GOC:bm, GOC:jl, ISBN:0781718325, Wikipedia:Viral_envelope]


id: GO:0019033
name: viral tegument
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "A structure lying between the capsid and envelope of a virus, varying in thickness and often distributed asymmetrically." [ISBN:0721662544]


id: GO:0019034
name: viral replication complex
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "Specific locations and structures in the virus infected cell involved in replicating the viral genome." [ISBN:0781718325]


id: GO:0019035
name: viral integration complex
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "A nucleoprotein complex containing viral genetic material and associated viral and host proteins, which is capable of inserting a viral genome into a host genome." [ISBN:0781718325, PMID:16712776, Wikipedia:Pre-integration_complex]


id: GO:0019036
name: viral transcriptional complex
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "Specific locations and structures in the virus infected cell involved in transcribing the viral genome." [ISBN:0781718325]


id: GO:0019037
name: viral assembly intermediate
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "Specific locations and structures in the virus infected cell involved in assembling new virions." [ISBN:0781718325]


id: GO:0019038
name: provirus
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "The name given to a viral genome after it has been integrated into the host genome; particularly applies to retroviruses and is a required part of the retroviral replication cycle." [ISBN:0121585336]


id: GO:0019042
name: viral latency
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process by which, after initial infection, a virus lies dormant within a cell and viral production ceases. The process ends when the virus switches from latency and starts to replicate." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019043
name: establishment of viral latency
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A process by which a virus establishes a latent state within its host, either as an integrated provirus within the host genome or as an episome, where viral genome remains in the cytoplasm or nucleus as distinct objects." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019044
name: maintenance of viral latency
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The perpetuation of a latent state, generally by repressing the viruses own lytic genes expression and ensuring expression of viral genes which function to keep the viral genome from being detected by the host defense mechanisms." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019046
name: release from viral latency
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process by which a virus switches from latency and begins to replicate. It may be effected by various endogenous and exogenous stimuli, including B-cell lipopolysaccharides, glucocorticoid hormones, halogenated pyrimidines, ionizing radiation, ultraviolet light, various chemicals and super-infecting viruses." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019048
name: modulation by virus of host morphology or physiology
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which a virus effects a change in the structure or processes of its host organism." [GOC:bf, GOC:jl, ISBN:0781718325, UniProtKB-KW:KW-0945]


id: GO:0019049
name: evasion or tolerance of host defenses by virus
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any process, either active or passive, by which a virus avoids or tolerates the effects of its host organism's defense(s). Host defenses may be induced by the presence of the virus or may be preformed (e.g. physical barriers). The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction." [ISBN:1555811272]


id: GO:0019050
name: suppression by virus of host apoptotic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any viral process that inhibits apoptosis of infected host cells, facilitating prolonged cell survival during viral replication." [GOC:mtg_apoptosis, ISBN:0781718325]


id: GO:0019051
name: induction by virus of host apoptotic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The set of viral processes that induce an apoptotic process in infected host cells, facilitating release and spread of progeny virions." [GOC:mtg_apoptosis, ISBN:0781718325]


id: GO:0019054
name: modulation by virus of host process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which a virus effects a change in the processes and activities of its host organism." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019055
name: modification by virus of host cell cycle regulation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Interactions, directly with the host cell macromolecular machinery, to allow a virus to modulate the rate of the host cell cycle to facilitate virus replication." [GOC:dph, ISBN:0781718325]


id: GO:0019056
name: modulation by virus of host transcription
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any process in which a virus modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its host's transcription." [ISBN:0781718325]


id: GO:0019057
name: modulation by virus of host translation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any process in which a virus modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation of host mRNA." [ISBN:0781718325]


id: GO:0019058
name: viral life cycle
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A set of processes which all viruses follow to ensure survival; includes attachment and entry of the virus particle, decoding of genome information, translation of viral mRNA by host ribosomes, genome replication, and assembly and release of viral particles containing the genome." [ISBN:1555811272]


id: GO:0019059
name: obsolete initiation of viral infection
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "OBSOLETE. The set of processes involved in the start of virus infection of cells." [ISBN:0781702534]


id: GO:0019060
name: intracellular transport of viral protein in host cell
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The directed movement of a viral protein within the host cell." [GOC:ai, ISBN:0781702534, ISBN:0781718325, PMID:11581394, PMID:9188566]


id: GO:0019061
name: uncoating of virus
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process by which an incoming virus is disassembled in the host cell to release a replication-competent viral genome." [GOC:plm, ISBN:0781702534, PMID:8162442]


id: GO:0019062
name: virion attachment to host cell
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process by which a virion protein binds to molecules on the host cellular surface or host cell surface projection." [GOC:bf, GOC:jl, UniProtKB-KW:KW-1161, VZ:956]


id: GO:0019064
name: fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Fusion of a viral membrane with the host cell membrane during viral entry. Results in release of the virion contents into the cytoplasm." [GOC:bf, GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019065
name: receptor-mediated endocytosis of virus by host cell
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any receptor-mediated endocytosis that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell; successive instances of virus endocytosis result in the accumulation of virus particles within the cell." [GOC:bf, GOC:jl, ISBN:0781702534]


id: GO:0019066
name: obsolete translocation of virus into host cell
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "OBSOLETE. The translocation of an entire virus particle across the host cell plasma membrane." [ISBN:0781702534]


id: GO:0019068
name: virion assembly
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A late phase of the viral life cycle during which all the components necessary for the formation of a mature virion collect at a particular site in the cell and the basic structure of the virus particle is formed." [ISBN:0121585336]


id: GO:0019070
name: viral genome maturation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The processes involved in creating a mature, stable viral genome. Begins after genome replication with a newly synthesized nucleic acid and ends when the genome is ready to be packaged. Includes the addition of proteins to the newly synthesized genome, and DNA repair processes." [GOC:pk, PMID:21490093]


id: GO:0019074
name: viral RNA genome packaging
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The packaging of viral RNA (single-stranded or double-stranded) into a nucleocapsid." [ISBN:0781718325]


id: GO:0019075
name: virus maturation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The refolding and structural rearrangements of virion parts to transition from the intermediate virion to the more mature virion. Maturation usually involves proteolysis events and changes in the folding of the virion proteins. Can occur inside the host cell or after release." [ISBN:0781718325, UniProtKB-KW:KW-0917, VZ:1946]


id: GO:0019076
name: viral release from host cell
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The dissemination of mature viral particles from the host cell, e.g. by cell lysis or the budding of virus particles from the cell membrane." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019078
name: obsolete lytic viral budding
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "OBSOLETE. A form of viral release in which the viral particles bud out through cellular membranes, resulting in cell lysis. It is also a form of viral envelopment." [ISBN:0781702534]


id: GO:0019079
name: viral genome replication
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any process involved directly in viral genome replication, including viral nucleotide metabolism." [ISBN:0781702534]


id: GO:0019080
name: viral gene expression
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A process by which a viral gene is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes viral transcription, processing to produce a mature RNA product, and viral translation." [GOC:bf, GOC:jl, ISBN:0121585336]


id: GO:0019081
name: viral translation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A process by which viral mRNA is translated into viral protein, using the host cellular machinery." [GOC:bf, GOC:jl, ISBN:0781702534]


id: GO:0019082
name: viral protein processing
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a viral protein." [GOC:bf, GOC:jl, ISBN:0781702534]


id: GO:0019083
name: viral transcription
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process by which a viral genome, or part of a viral genome, is transcribed within the host cell." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0781702534]


id: GO:0019084
name: middle viral transcription
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The viral transcription that takes place after early transcription in the viral life cycle, and which involves the transcription of genes required for replication." [GOC:bf, GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019085
name: early viral transcription
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The first phase of viral transcription that occurs after entry of the virus into the host cell, but prior to viral genome replication. It involves the transcription of genes for non-structural proteins, and for lytic viruses, the early gene products are involved in establishing control over the host cell." [GOC:bf, GOC:jh2, GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019086
name: late viral transcription
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The transcription of the final group of viral genes of the viral life cycle, following middle transcription, or where middle transcription doesn't occur, following early transcription. Involves the transcription of genes encoding structural proteins." [GOC:bf, GOC:jh2, GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019087
name: transformation of host cell by virus
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any virus-induced change in the morphological, biochemical, or growth parameters of a cell." [ISBN:0781702534]


id: GO:0019088
name: immortalization of host cell by virus
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A virus-induced cellular transformation arising in immortalized cells, or cells capable of indefinite replication, due to their ability to produce their own telomerase." [ISBN:0781702534, PMID:24373315]


id: GO:0019093
name: mitochondrial RNA localization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any process in which mitochondrial RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019094
name: pole plasm mRNA localization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019095
name: pole plasm mitochondrial rRNA localization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any process in which mitochondrial ribosomal RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [ISBN:0879694238]


id: GO:0019096
name: pole plasm mitochondrial lrRNA localization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any process in which mitochondrial large ribosomal RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [ISBN:0879694238]


id: GO:0019097
name: pole plasm mitochondrial srRNA localization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any process in which mitochondrial small ribosomal RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [ISBN:0879694238]


id: GO:0019103
name: pyrimidine nucleotide binding
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with pyrimidine nucleotide, any compound consisting of a pyrimidine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019104
name: DNA N-glycosylase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the removal of damaged bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free base and leaves an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site." [GOC:elh, PMID:11554296]


id: GO:0019105
name: N-palmitoyltransferase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoyl group to a nitrogen atom on the acceptor molecule." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019107
name: myristoyltransferase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the transfer of a myristoyl (CH3-[CH2]12-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019108
name: aryl-aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD) activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = an aromatic acid + NADH + H+." [EC:1.2.1.29]


id: GO:0019112
name: phenanthrol glycosyltransferase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrol + glucose = phenanthryl-beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019114
name: catechol dioxygenase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: catechol + O2 = a muconate." [GOC:mah, MetaCyc:CATECHOL-12-DIOXYGENASE-RXN, MetaCyc:CATECHOL-23-DIOXYGENASE-RXN]


id: GO:0019115
name: benzaldehyde dehydrogenase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: benzaldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = benzoate + NAD(P)H + H+." [EC:1.2.1.28, EC:1.2.1.7]


id: GO:0019116
name: hydroxy-nicotine oxidase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2 = 1-(6-hydroxypyrid-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)butan-1-one + hydrogen peroxide." [GOC:jl, http://umbbd.ahc.umn.edu/]


id: GO:0019117
name: dihydroxyfluorene dioxygenase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: a dihydroxyfluorene + O2 = the corresponding 2-hydroxy-4-(oxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-inden-ylidene) but-2-enoic acid." [GOC:mah, UM-BBD_reactionID:r0415, UM-BBD_reactionID:r0422]


id: GO:0019118
name: phenanthrene-epoxide hydrolase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: a phenanthrene dioxide + H2O = a dihydrodiolphenanthrene." [GOC:mah, UM-BBD_reactionID:r0535, UM-BBD_reactionID:r0536]


id: GO:0019119
name: phenanthrene-9,10-epoxide hydrolase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene-9,10-oxide + H2O = trans-9,10-dihydrodiolphenanthrene." [GOC:mah, UM-BBD_reactionID:r0496, UM-BBD_reactionID:r0560]


id: GO:0019120
name: hydrolase activity, acting on acid halide bonds, in C-halide compounds
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid halide bond in substances containing halogen atoms in organic linkage." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019121
name: peptidoglycan-protein cross-linking via N6-mureinyl-L-lysine
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process of linking a protein to peptidoglycan via the epsilon amino group of lysine to the diaminopimelic acid of the peptidoglycan." [RESID:AA0218]


id: GO:0019122
name: peptidyl-D-alanine racemization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The formation of peptidyl-D-alanine, by either racemization or from peptidyl-L-serine." [RESID:AA0191]


id: GO:0019131
name: obsolete tripeptidyl-peptidase I activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the release of an N-terminal tripeptide from a polypeptide; requires acid pH." [EC:3.4.14.9]


id: GO:0019132
name: obsolete C-terminal processing peptidase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage of peptides after specific recognition of a C-terminal tripeptide, Xaa-Yaa-Zaa, in which Xaa is preferably Ala or Leu, Yaa is preferably Ala or Tyr, and Zaa is preferably Ala. Cleavage is at a variable distance from the C-terminus; a typical cleavage is -Ala-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Lys-Glu-Asn-Tyr-Ala-Leu-Ala-Ala." [EC:3.4.21.102]


id: GO:0019133
name: choline monooxygenase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: choline + 2 reduced ferredoxin + O2 + 2 H+ = betaine aldehyde hydrate + 2 oxidized ferredoxin + H2O." [EC:1.14.15.7]


id: GO:0019134
name: glucosamine-1-phosphate N-acetyltransferase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate + CoA + H(+)." [EC:2.3.1.157, RHEA:13728]


id: GO:0019135
name: deoxyhypusine monooxygenase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: protein N6-(4-aminobutyl)-L-lysine + donor-H2 + O2 = protein N6-((R)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)-L-lysine + acceptor + H2O." [EC:1.14.99.29]


id: GO:0019136
name: deoxynucleoside kinase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 2'-deoxynucleoside = ADP + 2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate." [EC:2.7.1.145]


id: GO:0019139
name: cytokinin dehydrogenase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: N6-dimethylallyladenine + acceptor + H2O = adenine + 3-methylbut-2-enal + reduced electron acceptor." [EC:1.5.99.12]


id: GO:0019141
name: 2-dehydropantolactone reductase (B-specific) activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantolactone + NADP+ = 2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+. The reaction is B-specific (i.e. the pro-S hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to NADP+." [EC:1.1.1.214]


id: GO:0019142
name: 2-hydroxyglutarate synthase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: glyoxylate + H(2)O + propanoyl-CoA = 2-hydroxyglutarate + CoA + H(+)." [EC:2.3.3.11, RHEA:19188]


id: GO:0019143
name: 3-deoxy-manno-octulosonate-8-phosphatase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: 8-phospho-3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate + H(2)O = 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate + phosphate." [EC:3.1.3.45, RHEA:11503]


id: GO:0019145
name: aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobutanal + NAD+ + H2O = 4-aminobutanoate + NADH + 2 H+." [EC:1.2.1.19]


id: GO:0019146
name: arabinose-5-phosphate isomerase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose 5-phosphate = D-ribulose 5-phosphate + 2 H(+)." [EC:5.3.1.13, RHEA:23107]


id: GO:0019147
name: (R)-aminopropanol dehydrogenase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-1-aminopropan-2-ol + NAD(+) = aminoacetone + H(+) + NADH." [EC:1.1.1.75, RHEA:16520]


id: GO:0019151
name: galactose 1-dehydrogenase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose + NAD+ = D-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+." [EC:1.1.1.48]


id: GO:0019153
name: protein-disulfide reductase (glutathione) activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + protein-disulfide = oxidized glutathione + protein-dithiol." [EC:1.8.4.2]


id: GO:0019155
name: 3-(imidazol-5-yl)lactate dehydrogenase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-(imidazol-5-yl)lactate + NADP+ = 3-(imidazol-5-yl)pyruvate + NADPH + H+." [EC:1.1.1.111]


id: GO:0019156
name: isoamylase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6)-D-glucosidic branch linkages in glycogen, amylopectin and their beta-limits dextrins." [EC:3.2.1.68]


id: GO:0019159
name: nicotinamide-nucleotide amidase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: beta-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide + H2O = beta-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide + NH3." [EC:3.5.1.42]


id: GO:0019160
name: NMN nucleosidase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + nicotinamide mononucleotide = D-ribose 5-phosphate + H(+) + nicotinamide." [EC:3.2.2.14, RHEA:23143]


id: GO:0019161
name: diamine transaminase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha,omega-diamine + 2-oxoglutarate = an omega-aminoaldehyde + L-glutamate." [EC:2.6.1.29]


id: GO:0019162
name: pyridoxamine-oxaloacetate transaminase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: oxaloacetate + pyridoxamine = L-aspartate + pyridoxal." [EC:2.6.1.31, RHEA:10847]


id: GO:0019163
name: pyridoxamine-phosphate transaminase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate + 2-oxoglutarate = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + D-glutamate." [EC:2.6.1.54]


id: GO:0019164
name: pyruvate synthase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + CoA + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+." [KEGG:R01196]


id: GO:0019165
name: thiamine kinase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thiamine = ADP + 2 H(+) + thiamine phosphate." [EC:2.7.1.89, RHEA:12015]


id: GO:0019166
name: trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + NADP+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+." [EC:1.3.1.38]


id: GO:0019168
name: 2-octaprenylphenol hydroxylase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenylphenol + NADPH + O2 + H+ = 2-octaprenyl-6-hydroxyphenol + NADP+ + H2O." [MetaCyc:2-OCTAPRENYLPHENOL-HYDROX-RXN]


id: GO:0019171
name: 3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: a (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = H2O + a trans-delta2-enoyl-acyl-[acyl-carrier protein]." [MetaCyc:3-HYDROXYDECANOYL-ACP-DEHYDR-RXN]


id: GO:0019172
name: glyoxalase III activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: methylglyoxal + H2O = D-lactate." [EC:4.2.1.130, GOC:mcc, http://www.brenda-enzymes.org/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=4.2.1.130, MetaCyc:GLYOXIII-RXN, PMID:21696459, PMID:7848303, RHEA:27757]


id: GO:0019174
name: tetrahydrothiophene 1-oxide reductase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: tetrahydrothiophene 1-oxide + reduced acceptor = tetrahydrothiophene + acceptor." [MetaCyc:THTOREDUCT-RXN]


id: GO:0019176
name: dihydroneopterin monophosphate phosphatase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: dihydroneopterin monophosphate = dihydroneopterin + phosphate." [MetaCyc:DIHYDRONEOPTERIN-MONO-P-DEPHOS-RXN]


id: GO:0019177
name: dihydroneopterin triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: dihydroneopterin triphosphate = dihydroneopterin phosphate + diphosphate." [MetaCyc:H2NEOPTERINP3PYROPHOSPHOHYDRO-RXN]


id: GO:0019179
name: dTDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-glucose transaminase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-glucose + 2-oxoglutarate = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + L-glutamate." [EC:2.6.1.33]


id: GO:0019180
name: dTDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxygalactose transaminase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + dTDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose = L-glutamate + dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-galactose." [EC:2.6.1.59, RHEA:10371]


id: GO:0019182
name: histamine-gated chloride channel activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when histamine has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts." [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729]


id: GO:0019183
name: histamine-gated chloride channel complex
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which chloride ions may pass in response to histamine binding to the channel complex or one of its constituent parts." [GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019184
name: nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The biosynthetic process in which peptide bond formation occurs in the absence of the translational machinery. Examples include the synthesis of antibiotic peptides, and glutathione." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019185
name: snRNA-activating protein complex
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "A protein complex that recognizes the proximal sequence element of RNA polymerase II and III snRNA promoters." [PMID:7715707, PMID:9003788]


id: GO:0019186
name: acyl-CoA N-acyltransferase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group from acyl-CoA to a nitrogen atom on an acceptor molecule." [GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019187
name: beta-1,4-mannosyltransferase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the transfer of a mannose residue to an oligosaccharide, forming a beta-(1->4) linkage." [GOC:mcc, PMID:8166646]


id: GO:0019191
name: cellobiose transmembrane transporter activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Enables the transfer of cellobiose from one side of the membrane to the other. Cellobiose, or 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose, is a disaccharide that represents the basic repeating unit of cellulose." [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0198506732, ISBN:0815340729]


id: GO:0019194
name: sorbose transmembrane transporter activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Enables the transfer of sorbose from one side of the membrane to the other. Sorbose is the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose; L-sorbose is formed by bacterial oxidation of sorbitol. Sorbose is produced commercially by fermentation and is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of ascorbic acid." [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729]


id: GO:0019196
name: galactosamine transmembrane transporter activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Enables the transfer of galactosamine from one side of the membrane to the other. Galactosamine is an aminodeoxysugar; D-galactosamine is a constituent of some glycolipids and glycosaminoglycans, commonly as its N-acetyl derivative." [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0198506732, ISBN:0815340729]


id: GO:0019197
name: phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase complex
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "Includes phosphoenolpyruvate-protein phosphatase (enzyme I of the phosphotransferase system) and protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sugar phosphotransferase (enzyme II of the phosphotransferase system)." [GOC:ma]


id: GO:0019198
name: transmembrane receptor protein phosphatase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: a phosphoprotein + H2O = a protein + phosphate." [GOC:hjd]


id: GO:0019199
name: transmembrane receptor protein kinase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP." [GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019200
name: carbohydrate kinase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a carbohydrate substrate molecule." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019201
name: nucleotide kinase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nucleoside monophosphate = ADP + nucleoside diphosphate." [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019202
name: amino acid kinase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to an amino acid substrate." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019204
name: obsolete nucleotide phosphatase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "OBSOLETE: Catalysis of the reaction: phosphopolynucleotide + H2O = polynucleotide + phosphate." [GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019205
name: nucleobase-containing compound kinase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP or GTP, to a nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or polynucleotide substrate." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019207
name: kinase regulator activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Modulates the activity of a kinase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019208
name: phosphatase regulator activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Modulates the activity of a phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a substrate molecule." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019209
name: kinase activator activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Binds to and increases the activity of a kinase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019210
name: kinase inhibitor activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a kinase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule." [GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019211
name: phosphatase activator activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Increases the activity of a phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a substrate molecule." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019212
name: phosphatase inhibitor activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a substrate molecule." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019215
name: intermediate filament binding
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an intermediate filament, a distinct elongated structure, characteristically 10 nm in diameter, that occurs in the cytoplasm of higher eukaryotic cells. Intermediate filaments form a fibrous system, composed of chemically heterogeneous subunits and involved in mechanically integrating the various components of the cytoplasmic space." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019216
name: regulation of lipid metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019217
name: regulation of fatty acid metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019218
name: regulation of steroid metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019219
name: regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019220
name: regulation of phosphate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019221
name: cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a cytokine to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription." [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, PMID:19295629]


id: GO:0019222
name: regulation of metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019226
name: transmission of nerve impulse
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The neurological system process in which a signal is transmitted through the nervous system by a combination of action potential propagation and synaptic transmission." [GOC:curators, ISBN:0815316194]


id: GO:0019229
name: regulation of vasoconstriction
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019230
name: proprioception
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The series of events by which an organism senses the position, location, orientation, and movement of the body and its parts. Proprioception is mediated by proprioceptors, sensory nerve terminals found in muscles, tendons, and joint capsules, which give information concerning movements and position of the body. The receptors in the labyrinth are sometimes also considered proprioceptors." [http://www.onelook.com/, ISBN:072168677X]


id: GO:0019231
name: perception of static position
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The perception of the orientation of different parts of the body with respect to one another." [ISBN:072168677X]


id: GO:0019232
name: perception of rate of movement
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The series of events by which an organism senses the speed and direction of movement of the body and its parts." [GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019233
name: sensory perception of pain
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Pain is medically defined as the physical sensation of discomfort or distress caused by injury or illness, so can hence be described as a harmful stimulus which signals current (or impending) tissue damage. Pain may come from extremes of temperature, mechanical damage, electricity or from noxious chemical substances. This is a neurological process." [http://www.onelook.com/]


id: GO:0019234
name: sensory perception of fast pain
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The series of events required for an organism to receive a fast pain stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. Fast pain is often subjectively described as a sharp or stabbing pain; in humans, the signals from a fast pain stimulus are perceived and relayed along myelinated A-delta fibers to the central nervous system, reaching their target in about 0.1 seconds." [http://www.spine-health.com/]


id: GO:0019235
name: sensory perception of slow pain
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The series of events required for an organism to receive a slow pain stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. Slow pain is often subjectively described as an aching or throbbing pain; in humans, the signals from a slow pain stimulus are perceived and relayed along unmyelinated C fibers to the central nervous system, reaching their target in about 1 second. Slow pain is often associated with tissue destruction." [http://www.people.vcu.edu/~mikuleck/ssspain/, http://www.spine-health.com/]


id: GO:0019236
name: response to pheromone
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019237
name: centromeric DNA binding
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a centromere, a region of chromosome where the spindle fibers attach during mitosis and meiosis." [GOC:jl, SO:0000577]


id: GO:0019238
name: cyclohydrolase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a cyclic amidine, a compound of the form R-C(=NH)-NH2, in a reaction that involves the opening of a ring." [GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019240
name: citrulline biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of citrulline, N5-carbamoyl-L-ornithine, an alpha amino acid not found in proteins." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019241
name: citrulline catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of citrulline, N5-carbamoyl-L-ornithine, an alpha amino acid not found in proteins." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019242
name: methylglyoxal biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, the aldehyde of pyruvic acid." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019243
name: methylglyoxal catabolic process to D-lactate via S-lactoyl-glutathione
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, into D-lactate via the intermediate S-lactoyl-glutathione. Glutathione is used in the first step of the pathway and then regenerated in the second step." [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, PMID:2198020]


id: GO:0019244
name: lactate biosynthetic process from pyruvate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactate from other compounds, including pyruvate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019245
name: D(-)-lactate biosynthetic process from pyruvate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D(-)-lactate from other compounds, including pyruvate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019246
name: L(+)-lactate biosynthetic process from pyruvate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L(+)-lactate from other compounds, including pyruvate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019247
name: lactate racemization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Partial conversion of one lactate enantiomer into another so that the specific optical rotation is decreased, or even reduced to zero, in the resulting mixture." [GOC:curators, PMID:16166538]


id: GO:0019248
name: D-lactate biosynthetic process from methylglyoxal via (R)-lactaldehyde
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-lactate from methylglyoxal, via the intermediate (R)-lactaldehyde." [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, MetaCyc:MGLDLCTANA-PWY]


id: GO:0019249
name: lactate biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactate, the anion of lactic acid." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019250
name: aerobic cobalamin biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cobalamin (vitamin B12) in the presence of oxygen." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019251
name: anaerobic cobalamin biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cobalamin (vitamin B12) in the absence of oxygen." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019252
name: starch biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of starch, the most important reserve polysaccharide in plants." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019253
name: reductive pentose-phosphate cycle
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The fixation of carbon dioxide (CO2) as glucose in the chloroplasts of C3 plants; uses ATP and NADPH formed in the light reactions of photosynthesis; carbon dioxide reacts with ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (catalyzed by the function of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase) to yield two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate; these are then phosphorylated by ATP to 1,3-bisphosphateglyceraldehyde which, in turn, is then reduced by NADPH to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. The glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted to fructose 5-phosphate and ribulose 5-phosphate by aldolase and other enzymes; the ribulose 5-phosphate is phosphorylated by ATP to ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate." [ISBN:0198547684]


id: GO:0019254
name: carnitine metabolic process, CoA-linked
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving carnitine, where metabolism is linked to CoA." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019255
name: glucose 1-phosphate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose 1-phosphate, a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-1." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019256
name: acrylonitrile catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acrylonitrile, a colorless, volatile liquid with a pungent odor. Acrylonitrile is used in the production of acrylic fibers, plastics, and synthetic rubbers." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019257
name: 4-nitrotoluene metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-nitrotoluene, 1-methyl-4-nitrobenzene. It is a light yellow liquid with a weak aromatic odor." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019258
name: 4-nitrotoluene catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-nitrotoluene, 1-methyl-4-nitrobenzene." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019260
name: 1,2-dichloroethane catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,2-dichloroethane, a major commodity chemical used, for example, in the manufacture of vinyl chloride." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019261
name: 1,4-dichlorobenzene catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,4-dichlorobenzene (p-dichlorobenzene or paramoth), a derivative of benzene with two chlorine atoms attached at opposite positions on the ring." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019262
name: N-acetylneuraminate catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-acetylneuraminate, the anion of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019263
name: adamantanone catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of adamantanone, tricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decanone, a white crystalline solid used as an intermediate for microelectronics in the production of photoresists." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019264
name: glycine biosynthetic process from serine
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine from other compounds, including serine." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019265
name: glycine biosynthetic process, by transamination of glyoxylate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine by the transamination of glyoxylate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019266
name: asparagine biosynthetic process from oxaloacetate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine from other compounds, including oxaloacetate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019267
name: asparagine biosynthetic process from cysteine
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine from other compounds, including cysteine." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019268
name: obsolete glutamate biosynthetic process, using glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+)
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutamate, catalyzed by the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP+)." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019269
name: obsolete glutamate biosynthetic process, using glutamate synthase (NADPH)
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutamate, catalyzed by the enzyme glutamate synthase (NADPH)." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019270
name: aerobactin biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aerobactin (C22H36N4O13), a hydroxamate iron transport compound. It is a conjugate of 6-(N-acetyl-N-hydroxylamine)-2-aminohexanoic acid and citric acid." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019271
name: aerobactin transport
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The directed movement of the hydroxamate iron transport compound aerobactin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Aerobactin (C22H36N4O13) is a conjugate of 6-(N-acetyl-N-hydroxylamine)-2-aminohexanoic acid and citric acid." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019272
name: L-alanine biosynthetic process from pyruvate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alanine from other compounds, including pyruvate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019273
name: L-alanine biosynthetic process via ornithine
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-alanine, via the intermediate ornithine." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019276
name: UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019277
name: UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019278
name: UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019279
name: L-methionine biosynthetic process from L-homoserine via cystathionine
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine from other compounds, including L-homoserine, via the intermediate cystathionine." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019280
name: L-methionine biosynthetic process from homoserine via O-acetyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methionine from other compounds, including homoserine, via the intermediates O-acetyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019281
name: L-methionine biosynthetic process from homoserine via O-succinyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine from other compounds, including homoserine, via the intermediates O-succinyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019283
name: L-methionine biosynthetic process from O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine from other compounds, including O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019284
name: L-methionine biosynthetic process from S-adenosylmethionine
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine from other compounds, including S-adenosylmethionine." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019285
name: glycine betaine biosynthetic process from choline
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of betaine (N-trimethylglycine) from the oxidation of choline." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019286
name: glycine betaine biosynthetic process from glycine
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine betaine from other compounds, including glycine." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019287
name: isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate, via the intermediate mevalonate. This pathway converts acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, to isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP), the fundamental unit in isoprenoid biosynthesis, through a series of mevalonate intermediates." [GOC:go_curators, MetaCyc:PWY-922]


id: GO:0019288
name: isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate by the mevalonate-independent pathway. Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the fundamental unit in isoprenoid biosynthesis and is biosynthesized from pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate via intermediates, including 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate." [GOC:go_curators, MetaCyc:NONMEVIPP-PWY, PMID:18948055]


id: GO:0019289
name: rhizobactin 1021 biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhizobactin 1021, (E)-4-((3-(acetylhydroxyamino)propyl)-amino)-2-hydroxy-(2-(2-(3-(hydroxy(1-oxo-2-decenyl)amino)propyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid, a siderophore produced by Sinorhizobium meliloti." [MetaCyc:PWY-761, PMID:11274118]


id: GO:0019290
name: siderophore biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances made by aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria, especially when growing under iron deficient conditions. The complexes of Fe(3+)-siderophores have very high stability constants and are taken up by specific transport systems by microorganisms; the subsequent release of iron requires enzymatic action." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019292
name: tyrosine biosynthetic process from chorismate via 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyrosine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019293
name: tyrosine biosynthetic process, by oxidation of phenylalanine
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyrosine by the oxidation of phenylalanine." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019294
name: keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, an acidic sugar present in lipopolysaccharides of the outer membranes of some Gram-negative bacteria." [CHEBI:32817, ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019295
name: coenzyme M biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coenzyme M (2-thioethansulfonate), a coenzyme involved in the utilization of methane by methanogenic prokaryotes." [ISBN:0198547684]


id: GO:0019296
name: coenzyme M metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzyme M (2-thioethansulfonate), a coenzyme involved in the utilization of methane by methanogenic prokaryotes." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019297
name: coenzyme B metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzyme B (7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate), a coenzyme involved in the utilization of methane by methanogenic prokaryotes." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019298
name: coenzyme B biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coenzyme B (7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate), a coenzyme involved in the utilization of methane by methanogenic prokaryotes." [PMID:10940051]


id: GO:0019299
name: rhamnose metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose. Rhamnose occurs commonly as a compound of plant glycosides, in polysaccharides of gums and mucilages, and in bacterial polysaccharides. It is also a component of some plant cell wall polysaccharides and frequently acts as the sugar components of flavonoids." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019300
name: rhamnose biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019301
name: rhamnose catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019302
name: D-ribose biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-ribose, (ribo-pentose)." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019303
name: D-ribose catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-ribose (ribo-pentose)." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019304
name: anaerobic rhamnose catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose, that occurs in the absence of oxygen." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019305
name: dTDP-rhamnose biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTDP-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019306
name: GDP-D-rhamnose biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-D-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019307
name: mannose biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannose, the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019308
name: dTDP-mannose biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019309
name: mannose catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannose, the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019310
name: inositol catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms." [CHEBI:24848, GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019311
name: sorbose metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving sorbose, the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. Sorbose is produced commercially by fermentation and is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of ascorbic acid." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019312
name: L-sorbose metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving sorbose, the L-enantiomer of the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. L-sorbose is formed by bacterial oxidation of sorbitol." [CHEBI:17266, GOC:jsg, GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019313
name: allose metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving allose, allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019314
name: D-allose metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-allose, the D-enantiomer of allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose." [CHEBI:17393, GOC:ai, GOC:jsg, GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019315
name: D-allose biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-allose, the D-enantiomer of allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose." [CHEBI:17393, GOC:ai, GOC:jsg, GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019316
name: D-allose catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-allose, the D-enantiomer of allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose." [CHEBI:17393, GOC:ai, GOC:jsg, GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019317
name: fucose catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fucose (6-deoxygalactose)." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019318
name: hexose metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving a hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019319
name: hexose biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019320
name: hexose catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019321
name: pentose metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019322
name: pentose biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019323
name: pentose catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019324
name: L-lyxose metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-lyxose, the L-enantiomer of aldopentose lyxo-pentose, the C-2 epimer of xylose." [GOC:jsg, GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019325
name: anaerobic fructose catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose that occurs in the absence of oxygen." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019326
name: nitrotoluene metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrotoluene, any methylbenzene molecule with NO2 group(s) attached." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019327
name: lead sulfide oxidation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of lead sulfide to lead sulfate." [MetaCyc:P301-PWY]


id: GO:0019328
name: anaerobic gallate catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid, in the absence of oxygen." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019329
name: ammonia oxidation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways by which ammonia or ammonium is converted to molecular nitrogen or another nitrogen compound, with accompanying loss of electrons." [GOC:mah, MetaCyc:AMMOXID-PWY, MetaCyc:P303-PWY, MetaCyc:PWY-2242]


id: GO:0019330
name: aldoxime metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldoximes, compounds derived by the reaction of an aldose with hydroxylamine, thus containing the aldoxime group -HC=NOH." [CHEBI:22307, GOC:curators]


id: GO:0019331
name: anaerobic respiration, using ammonium as electron donor
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The oxidation of ammonium (NH4) to nitrogen (N2) in the absence of oxygen, using nitrite (NO2) as the electron acceptor. It is suggested that hydroxylamine and ammonium are combined to yield hydrazine, which is subsequently oxidized to N2." [MetaCyc:P303-PWY]


id: GO:0019332
name: aerobic respiration, using nitrite as electron donor
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The oxidation of nitrite (NO2) to nitrate (NO3), using oxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. Nitrite oxidation is the final step in nitrification, the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate, and nitrite oxidoreductase (NOR) is the key enzyme complex that catalyzes the conversion of nitrite to nitrate in nitrite oxidizing species." [MetaCyc:P282-PWY]


id: GO:0019333
name: denitrification pathway
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The reduction of nitrate to dinitrogen by four reactions; each intermediate is transformed to the next lower oxidation state; also part of cellular bioenergetics; the nitrogen compounds can serve as terminal acceptors for electron transport phosphorylation in place of oxygen." [MetaCyc:DENITRIFICATION-PWY]


id: GO:0019334
name: p-cymene catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of p-cymene, 1-methyl-4-isopropylbenzene, one of the alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons found in volatile oils from over 100 plants." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019335
name: 3-methylquinoline catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-methylquinoline, C10H9N, an aromatic compound composed of a benzene ring and a heterocyclic N-containing ring." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019336
name: phenol-containing compound catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring." [CHEBI:33853, GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019337
name: tetrachloroethylene catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tetrachloroethylene, a derivative of ethene with the hydrogen atoms replaced by chlorines." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019338
name: pentachlorophenol catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentachlorophenol, a chlorinated insecticide and fungicide used primarily to protect timber from fungal rot and wood boring insects. Pentachlorophenol is significantly toxic to mammals, plants, and many microorganisms." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019339
name: parathion catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of parathion, a highly toxic organophosphate compound. Degradation of parathion by sunlight or liver enzymes can result in the formation of the active compound paraoxon which interferes with the nervous system through cholinesterase inhibition." [UM-BBD_pathwayID:pthn]


id: GO:0019340
name: dibenzofuran catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dibenzofuran, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one ether bond and one carbon-carbon bond." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019341
name: dibenzo-p-dioxin catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dibenzo-p-dioxin, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by two ether bonds." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019342
name: trypanothione biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trypanothione (N1,N6,-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine) in two steps from glutathione and spermidine via an N1- or N8-glutathionylspermidine intermediate. Trypanothione appears to be an essential redox intermediate in intracellular thiol redox regulation. It also plays a role in protecting against oxidative stress." [MetaCyc:TRYPANOSYN-PWY, PMID:9677355]


id: GO:0019343
name: cysteine biosynthetic process via cystathionine
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine, via the intermediate cystathionine." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019344
name: cysteine biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019345
name: cysteine biosynthetic process via S-sulfo-L-cysteine
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine, via the intermediate S-sulfo-L-cysteine." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019346
name: transsulfuration
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The interconversion of homocysteine and cysteine via cystathionine. In contrast with enteric bacteria and mammals, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has two transsulfuration pathways employing two separate sets of enzymes." [MetaCyc:PWY-801]


id: GO:0019347
name: GDP-alpha-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-alpha-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, a substance composed of mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019348
name: dolichol metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving dolichols, any 2,3-dihydropolyprenol derived from four or more linked isoprene units." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019349
name: ribitol metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving ribitol, a pentitol derived formally by reduction of the -CHO group of either D- or L-ribose. It occurs free in some plants and is a component of riboflavin." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019350
name: teichoic acid biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of teichoic acid, any polymer occurring in the cell wall, membrane or capsule of Gram-positive bacteria and containing chains of glycerol phosphate or ribitol phosphate residues." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019351
name: dethiobiotin biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dethiobiotin, a derivative of biotin in which the sulfur atom has been replaced by two hydrogen atoms." [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019352
name: protoporphyrinogen IX biosynthetic process from glycine
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of protoporphyrinogen IX from other compounds, including glycine." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019353
name: protoporphyrinogen IX biosynthetic process from glutamate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of protoporphyrinogen IX from other compounds, including glutamate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019354
name: siroheme biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of siroheme, a tetrahydroporphyrin with adjacent, reduced pyrrole rings." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019355
name: nicotinamide nucleotide biosynthetic process from aspartate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide nucleotide from other compounds, including aspartate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019356
name: nicotinate nucleotide biosynthetic process from tryptophan
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinate nucleotide from other compounds, including tryptophan." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019357
name: nicotinate nucleotide biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide nucleotides, any nucleotide that contains combined nicotinate (pyridine 3-carboxylic acid)." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019359
name: nicotinamide nucleotide biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide nucleotides, any nucleotide that contains combined nicotinamide." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019360
name: nicotinamide nucleotide biosynthetic process from niacinamide
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide nucleotide from other compounds, including niacinamide." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019361
name: 2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019362
name: pyridine nucleotide metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyridine nucleotide, a nucleotide characterized by a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019363
name: pyridine nucleotide biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyridine nucleotide, a nucleotide characterized by a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base." [GOC:jl, GOC:pde, GOC:vw]


id: GO:0019364
name: pyridine nucleotide catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyridine nucleotide, a nucleotide characterized by a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base." [GOC:jl, GOC:pde, GOC:vw]


id: GO:0019365
name: pyridine nucleotide salvage
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any process that generates a pyridine nucleotide, a nucleotide characterized by a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019368
name: fatty acid elongation, unsaturated fatty acid
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Elongation of a fatty acid chain into which one or more C-C double bonds have been introduced." [GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019369
name: arachidonic acid metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving arachidonic acid, a straight chain fatty acid with 20 carbon atoms and four double bonds per molecule. Arachidonic acid is the all-Z-(5,8,11,14)-isomer." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019370
name: leukotriene biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leukotriene, a pharmacologically active substance derived from a polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019371
name: cyclooxygenase pathway
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways by which prostaglandins are formed from arachidonic acid, and in which prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (cyclooxygenase) catalyzes the committed step in the conversion of arachidonic acid to the prostaglandin-endoperoxides PGG2 and PGH2." [PMID:19854273]


id: GO:0019372
name: lipoxygenase pathway
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways by which an unsaturated fatty acid (such as arachidonic acid or linolenic acid) is converted to other compounds, and in which the first step is hydroperoxide formation catalyzed by lipoxygenase." [GOC:mah, PMID:17163881]


id: GO:0019373
name: epoxygenase P450 pathway
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways by which arachidonic acid is converted to other compounds including epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids." [GOC:mah, PMID:17979511]


id: GO:0019374
name: galactolipid metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactolipids, any glycolipid containing one of more residues of galactose and/or N-acetylgalactosamine." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019375
name: galactolipid biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactolipids, any glycolipid containing one of more residues of galactose and/or N-acetylgalactosamine." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019376
name: galactolipid catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactolipids, any glycolipid containing one of more residues of galactose and/or N-acetylgalactosamine." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019377
name: glycolipid catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycolipid, a class of 1,2-di-O-acylglycerols joined at oxygen 3 by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate part (usually a mono-, di- or tri-saccharide)." [CHEBI:33563, GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019379
namespace: biological_process
name:
  sulfate assimilation, phosphoadenylyl sulfate reduction by phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin)

def:
  "The pathway by which inorganic sulfate is processed and incorporated into sulfated compounds, where the phosphoadenylyl sulfate reduction step is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin) (EC:1.8.4.8)." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019380
name: 3-phenylpropionate catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-phenylpropionate, the anion of phenylpropanoic acid." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019381
name: atrazine catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of atrazine, a triazine ring-containing herbicide." [GOC:jl, UM-BBD_pathwayID:atr]


id: GO:0019382
name: carbon tetrachloride catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbon tetrachloride, a toxic, carcinogenic compound which is used as a general solvent in industrial degreasing operations. It is also used as grain fumigant and a chemical intermediate in the production of refrigerants." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019383
name: (+)-camphor catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-camphor, a bicyclic monoterpene ketone." [UM-BBD_pathwayID:cam]


id: GO:0019384
name: caprolactam catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of caprolactam, hexahydro-2h-azepin-2-one, a cyclic amide of caproic acid." [CHEBI:23000, GOC:curators]


id: GO:0019385
name: methanogenesis, from acetate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The formation of methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4, from other components, including acetate." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019386
name: methanogenesis, from carbon dioxide
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4, from other compounds, including carbon dioxide (CO2)." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019387
name: methanogenesis, from methanol
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The formation of methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4, from other components, including methanol." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019388
name: galactose catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019389
name: glucuronoside metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucuronosides, any compound formed by combination in glycosidic linkage of a hydroxy compound with the anomeric carbon atom of a glucuronate." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019390
name: glucuronoside biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucuronosides, compound composed of a hydroxy compound linked to a glucuronate residue." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019391
name: glucuronoside catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucuronosides, compound composed of a hydroxy compound linked to a glucuronate residue." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019392
name: glucarate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucarate, the dianion of glucaric acid, an aldaric acid derived from either glucose or gulose. There are two enantiomers L- and D-glucarate." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019393
name: glucarate biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucarate, the anion of glucaric acid." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019394
name: glucarate catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucarate, the anion of glucaric acid." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019395
name: fatty acid oxidation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The removal of one or more electrons from a fatty acid, with or without the concomitant removal of a proton or protons, by reaction with an electron-accepting substance, by addition of oxygen or by removal of hydrogen." [ISBN:0198506732, MetaCyc:FAO-PWY]


id: GO:0019396
name: gallate catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid)." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019397
name: gallate catabolic process via 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid, via the intermediate 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019398
name: gallate catabolic process via gallate dioxygenase activity
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid, where the first step is the conversion of gallate to (1E)-4-oxobut-1-ene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate catalyzed by gallate dioxygenase." [GOC:bf, GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019399
name: cyclohexanol oxidation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The cyclohexanol metabolic process in which cyclohexanol is converted to adipate." [MetaCyc:CYCLOHEXANOL-OXIDATION-PWY]


id: GO:0019400
name: alditol metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving alditols, any polyhydric alcohol derived from the acyclic form of a monosaccharide by reduction of its aldehyde or keto group to an alcoholic group." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019401
name: alditol biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alditols, any polyhydric alcohol derived from the acyclic form of a monosaccharide by reduction of its aldehyde or keto group to an alcoholic group." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019402
name: galactitol metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactitol, the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019403
name: galactitol biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactitol, the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019404
name: galactitol catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactitol, the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019405
name: alditol catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alditols, any polyhydric alcohol derived from the acyclic form of a monosaccharide by reduction of its aldehyde or keto group to an alcoholic group." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019406
name: hexitol biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hexitols, any alditol with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019407
name: hexitol catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexitols, any alditol with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019408
name: dolichol biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichols, any 2,3-dihydropolyprenol derived from four or more linked isoprene units." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019409
name: aerobic respiration, using ammonia as electron donor
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The metabolic process in which ammonia (NH3) is oxidized to nitrite (NO2) in the presence of oxygen; enzymatic reactions convert ammonia to hydrazine, and hydrazine to nitrite." [MetaCyc:AMMOXID-PWY]


id: GO:0019410
name: aerobic respiration, using carbon monoxide as electron donor
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The metabolic process in which carbon monoxide (CO) is oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2) to generate energy. Conservation of energy in this process likely uses sodium ion gradients for ATP synthesis and is coupled to quantitative sulfide methylation." [PMID:18024677]


id: GO:0019411
name: aerobic respiration, using ferrous ions as electron donor
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The metabolic process in which ferrous ions (Fe2+) are oxidized to ferric ions (Fe3+) to generate energy, coupled to the reduction of carbon dioxide." [ISBN:3131084111]


id: GO:0019412
name: aerobic respiration, using hydrogen as electron donor
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The oxidation of hydrogen (H2) to water (H2O), using oxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. A hydrogenase enzyme binds H2 and the hydrogen atoms are passed through an electron transfer chain to O2 to form water." [MetaCyc:P283-PWY]


id: GO:0019413
name: acetate biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetate, the anion of acetic acid." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019414
name: aerobic respiration, using sulfur or sulfate as electron donor
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "An aerobic respiration process in which a sulfur-containing molecule (hydrogen sulfide, sulfur, sulfite, thiosulfate, and various polythionates) is oxidized." [PMID:11425697]


id: GO:0019415
name: acetate biosynthetic process from carbon monoxide
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetate from other compounds, including carbon monoxide." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019416
name: polythionate oxidation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of thiosulfate to tetrathionate, using cytochrome c as an electron acceptor." [MetaCyc:THIOSULFOX-PWY]


id: GO:0019417
name: sulfur oxidation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting the addition of oxygen to elemental sulfur." [GOC:jl, MetaCyc:FESULFOX-PWY, MetaCyc:SULFUROX-PWY]


id: GO:0019418
name: sulfide oxidation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of sulfide to elemental sulfur in a higher oxidation state, or to sulfite or sulfate." [MetaCyc:P222-PWY, MetaCyc:P223-PWY, MetaCyc:PWY-5274, MetaCyc:PWY-5285]


id: GO:0019419
name: sulfate reduction
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the reduction of sulfate to another sulfur-containing ion or compound such as hydrogen sulfide, adenosine-phosphosulfate (APS) or thiosulfate." [MetaCyc:DISSULFRED-PWY, MetaCyc:P224-PWY, MetaCyc:SO4ASSIM-PWY, MetaCyc:SULFMETII-PWY]


id: GO:0019420
name: dissimilatory sulfate reduction
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The reduction of sulfate to hydrogen sulfide, which acts as a terminal electron acceptor. Sulfate is activated to adenosine-phosphosulfate (APS) which is then reduced to sulfite, which is in turn reduced to hydrogen sulfide." [GOC:jl, MetaCyc:DISSULFRED-PWY]


id: GO:0019422
name: disproportionation of elemental sulfur
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which sulfur compounds with an intermediate oxidation state serve as both electron donors and electron acceptors in an energy-generating redox process. The reaction takes place anaerobically, in light and in the absence of CO2." [MetaCyc:P203-PWY]


id: GO:0019423
name: sulfur oxidation, ferric ion-dependent
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A sulfur oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfur:ferric ion oxidoreductase, and requires the presence of ferric ion (Fe3+)." [MetaCyc:FESULFOX-PWY]


id: GO:0019424
name: sulfide oxidation, using siroheme sulfite reductase
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A sulfide oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by siroheme sulfite reductase." [MetaCyc:P223-PWY]


id: GO:0019426
name: bisulfite reduction
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the reduction of sulfate to thiosulfate via bisulfite." [MetaCyc:P224-PWY]


id: GO:0019427
name: acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from acetate, either directly or via acetylphosphate." [MetaCyc:ACETATEUTIL-PWY]


id: GO:0019428
name: allantoin biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of allantoin, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019429
name: fluorene catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fluorene, a tricyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon containing a five-membered ring. It is a major component of fossil fuels and their derivatives and is also a by-product of coal-conversion and energy-related industries. It is commonly found in vehicle exhaust emissions, crude oils, motor oils, coal and oil combustion products, waste incineration, and industrial effluents." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019430
name: removal of superoxide radicals
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any process, acting at the cellular level, involved in removing superoxide radicals (O2-) from a cell or organism, e.g. by conversion to dioxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)." [CHEBI:18421, GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019431
name: acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from ethanol
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from ethanol via acetaldehyde." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019432
name: triglyceride biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a triglyceride, any triester of glycerol." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019433
name: triglyceride catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a triglyceride, any triester of glycerol." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019434
name: sophorosyloxydocosanoate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving sophorosyloxydocosanoate, 13-sophorosyloxydocosanoate 6',6''-diacetate, an aromatic hydrocarbon." [MetaCyc:DIGLUCODIACETYL-DOCOSANOATE]


id: GO:0019435
name: sophorosyloxydocosanoate biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sophorosyloxydocosanoate, 13-sophorosyloxydocosanoate 6',6''-diacetate." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019436
name: sophorosyloxydocosanoate catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sophorosyloxydocosanoate, 13-sophorosyloxydocosanoate 6',6''-diacetate." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019438
name: aromatic compound biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019439
name: aromatic compound catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019440
name: tryptophan catabolic process to indole-3-acetate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including indole-3-acetate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019441
name: tryptophan catabolic process to kynurenine
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including kynurenine." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019442
name: tryptophan catabolic process to acetyl-CoA
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019443
name: obsolete tryptophan catabolic process, using tryptophanase
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan, catalyzed by the enzyme tryptophanase (EC:4.1.99.1)." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019444
name: tryptophan catabolic process to catechol
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including catechol." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019445
name: tyrosine catabolic process to fumarate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tyrosine into other compounds, including fumarate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019446
name: tyrosine catabolic process to phosphoenolpyruvate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tyrosine into other compounds, including phosphoenolpyruvate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019447
name: D-cysteine catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-cysteine, (S)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid, which occurs naturally in firefly luciferin." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019448
name: L-cysteine catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid." [CHEBI:17561, GOC:go_curators, GOC:jsg, GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019449
name: L-cysteine catabolic process to hypotaurine
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine into other compounds, including hypotaurine." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019450
name: L-cysteine catabolic process to pyruvate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine into other compounds, including pyruvate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019451
name: L-cysteine catabolic process to pyruvate, using cysteine dioxygenase
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown into pyruvate of L-cystine, catalyzed by the enzyme cysteine dioxygenase (EC:1.13.11.20)." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019452
name: L-cysteine catabolic process to taurine
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine into other compounds, including taurine." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019453
name: L-cysteine catabolic process via cystine
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine, via the intermediate cystine." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019454
name: L-cysteine catabolic process via cystine, using glutathione-cystine transhydrogenase
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown, via the compound cystine, of L-cysteine, catalyzed by the enzyme glutathione-cystine transhydrogenase (EC:1.8.4.4)." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019455
name: L-cysteine catabolic process via cystine, using cystine reductase
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown, via the compound cystine, of L-cysteine, catalyzed by the enzyme cystine reductase (EC:1.8.1.6)." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019456
name: L-cysteine catabolic process via cystine, using cysteine transaminase
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown, via the compound cystine, of L-cysteine, catalyzed by the enzyme cysteine transaminase (EC:2.6.1.3)." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019457
name: methionine catabolic process to succinyl-CoA
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methionine into other compounds, including succinyl-CoA." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019458
name: methionine catabolic process via 2-oxobutanoate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methionine, via the intermediate 2-oxobutanoate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019460
name: glutamine catabolic process to fumarate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamine into other compounds, including fumarate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019461
name: glutamine catabolic process to fumarate, using glutamate synthase (NADPH)
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamine into fumarate, beginning with the conversion of glutamine to glutamate catalyzed by the enzyme glutamate synthase (NADPH) (EC:1.4.1.13)." [GOC:bf, GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019462
name: glutamine catabolic process to fumarate, using glutaminase
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamine into fumarate, beginning with conversion of glutamine into glutamate catalyzed by the enzyme glutaminase (EC:3.5.1.2)." [GOC:bf, GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019463
name: glycine catabolic process to creatine
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine into other compounds, including creatine." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019464
name: glycine decarboxylation via glycine cleavage system
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine by oxidative cleavage to carbon dioxide, ammonia, and a methylene group, mediated by enzymes of the glycine cleavage complex." [MetaCyc:GLYCLEAV-PWY]


id: GO:0019465
name: aspartate transamidation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The exchange of the amino group of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, for another amino group." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019466
name: ornithine catabolic process via proline
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ornithine, via the intermediate proline." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019467
name: ornithine catabolic process, by decarboxylation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ornithine by decarboxylation." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019468
name: nopaline catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nopaline (N-(I-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)glutamic acid), a rare amino-acid derivative." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019469
name: octopine catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octopine (N-(1-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)-L-alanine), an amino acid derived opine." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019470
name: 4-hydroxyproline catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019471
name: 4-hydroxyproline metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline. The presence of hydroxyproline is essential to produce stable triple helical tropocollagen, hence the problems caused by ascorbate deficiency in scurvy. This unusual amino acid is also present in considerable amounts in the major glycoprotein of primary plant cell walls." [CHEBI:20392, GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019472
name: 4-hydroxyproline biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019473
name: L-lysine catabolic process to glutarate, by acetylation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including glutarate, by acetylation." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019474
name: L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019475
name: L-lysine catabolic process to acetate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019476
name: D-lysine catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-lysine, the D-enantiomer of lysine; i.e. (2R)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid." [CHEBI:16855, GOC:ai, GOC:jsg, GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019477
name: L-lysine catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine, the L-enantiomer of (S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:jsg, GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019478
name: D-amino acid catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-amino acids, the D-enantiomers of amino acids." [GOC:ai, GOC:jsg]


id: GO:0019479
name: L-alanine oxidation to D-lactate and ammonia
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine to D-lactate and ammonia." [MetaCyc:ALACAT2-PWY]


id: GO:0019480
name: L-alanine oxidation to pyruvate via D-alanine
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine to pyruvate, with D-alanine as an intermediate." [MetaCyc:ALADEG-PWY]


id: GO:0019481
name: L-alanine catabolic process, by transamination
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine by transamination." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019482
name: beta-alanine metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), an achiral amino acid and an isomer of alanine. It occurs free (e.g. in brain) and in combination (e.g. in pantothenate) but it is not a constituent of proteins." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019483
name: beta-alanine biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), an achiral amino acid and an isomer of alanine. It occurs free (e.g. in brain) and in combination (e.g. in pantothenate) but it is not a constituent of proteins." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019484
name: beta-alanine catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), an achiral amino acid and an isomer of alanine. It occurs free (e.g. in brain) and in combination (e.g. in pantothenate) but it is not a constituent of proteins." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019485
name: beta-alanine catabolic process to L-alanine
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-alanine into other compounds, including L-alanine." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019486
name: beta-alanine catabolic process to mevalonate semialdehyde, by transamination
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-alanine into other compounds, including mevalonate semialdehyde, by transamination." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019487
name: anaerobic acetylene catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylene, a colorless, volatile, explosive gas, that occur in the absence of oxygen." [ISBN:0721662544]


id: GO:0019488
name: ribitol catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ribitol to form xylulose 5-phosphate. Ribitol is initially converted to D-ribulose, which is phosphorylated to form ribulose 5-phosphate, which is then converted into xylulose 5-phosphate." [MetaCyc:RIBITOLUTIL-PWY]


id: GO:0019489
name: methylgallate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving methylgallate, trihydroxymethylbenzoate, the anion of methylgallic acid." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019490
name: 2-aminobenzenesulfonate desulfonation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The removal of the sulfonate group from 2-aminobenzenesulfonate, an aromatic sulfonate used in organic synthesis and in the manufacture of various dyes and medicines." [UM-BBD_pathwayID:abs]


id: GO:0019491
name: ectoine biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid), a tetrahydropyrimidine commonly synthesized by halophilic bacteria." [GOC:jl, PMID:11823218]


id: GO:0019492
name: proline salvage
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any process which produces the amino acid proline from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019493
name: arginine catabolic process to proline
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including proline." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019495
name: proline catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proline into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019496
name: serine-isocitrate lyase pathway
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A one-carbon metabolic process in which acetyl-CoA is produced from formaldehyde and carbon dioxide." [ISBN:0387961534]


id: GO:0019497
name: hexachlorocyclohexane metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving hexachlorocyclohexane, a cyclohexane derivative with 6 chlorine atoms attached to the hexane ring. Hexachlorocyclohexane consists of a mixture of 8 different isomers and was used a commercial insecticide. It is persistent in the environment, causing serious soil pollution." [UM-BBD_pathwayID:ghch, UM-BBD_pathwayID:hch]


id: GO:0019498
name: n-octane oxidation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of n-octane to octanoyl-CoA." [MetaCyc:P221-PWY]


id: GO:0019499
name: cyanide metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanide, NC-, the anion of hydrocyanic acid. Cyanide is a potent inhibitor of respiration, reacting with the ferric form of cytochrome aa3 and thus blocking the electron transport chain." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019500
name: cyanide catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyanide, NC-, the anion of hydrocyanic acid. Cyanide is a potent inhibitor of respiration." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019501
name: arsonoacetate catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arsonoacetate, a synthetic, organic compound containing a single arsenic atom." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019502
name: stachydrine metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving stachydrine, N-methylproline methylbetaine, the betaine derivative of L-proline found in alfalfa, chrysanthemum, and citrus plants." [GOC:curators, MetaCyc:CPD-821]


id: GO:0019503
name: stachydrine biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of stachydrine, N-methylproline methylbetaine, the betaine derivative of L-proline." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019504
name: stachydrine catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of stachydrine, N-methylproline methylbetaine, the betaine derivative of L-proline." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019505
name: resorcinol metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving resorcinol (C6H4(OH)2), a benzene derivative with many applications, including dyes, explosives, resins and as an antiseptic." [GOC:jl, http://www.speclab.com/compound/c108463.htm]


id: GO:0019506
name: phenylmercury acetate catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylmercury acetate, an organomercurial compound composed of a mercury atom attached to a benzene ring and an acetate group." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019507
name: pyridine metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyridine, a nitrogenous base (C5H5N) obtained from the distillation of bone oil or coal tar, and by the decomposition of certain alkaloids, as a colorless liquid with a peculiar pungent odor." [CHEBI:16227, GOC:curators]


id: GO:0019508
name: 2,5-dihydroxypyridine catabolic process to fumarate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,5-dihydroxypyridine to form fumarate. 2,5-dihydroxypyridine is dioxygenated to give maleamate and formate; the maleamate from this reaction is then converted to maleate, which is then isomerized to fumurate." [MetaCyc:PWY-722]


id: GO:0019509
name: L-methionine biosynthetic process from methylthioadenosine
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The generation of L-methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid) from methylthioadenosine." [GOC:jl, MetaCyc:PWY-4361]


id: GO:0019510
name: S-adenosylhomocysteine catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of S-adenosylhomocysteine, forming homocysteine and then methionine." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019512
name: lactose catabolic process via tagatose-6-phosphate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactose, via the intermediate tagatose-6-phosphate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019513
name: lactose catabolic process, using glucoside 3-dehydrogenase
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactose, catalyzed by the enzyme glucoside 3-dehydrogenase (EC:1.1.99.13)." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019515
name: lactose catabolic process via UDP-galactose
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactose, via the intermediate UDP-galactose." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019516
name: lactate oxidation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of lactate to other compounds, such as pyruvate, with concomitant loss of electrons." [GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019517
name: L-threonine catabolic process to D-lactate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L- threonine (the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid) to form the compound methylglyoxal, which is subsequently converted to D-lactate." [GOC:bf, GOC:jl, MetaCyc:PWY-901, MetaCyc:THRDLCTCAT-PWY]


id: GO:0019518
name: L-threonine catabolic process to glycine
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-threonine (the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid) to form to form 2-amino-3-oxobutanoate, which is subsequently converted to glycine." [GOC:bf, GOC:mah, MetaCyc:THREONINE-DEG2-PWY]


id: GO:0019519
name: pentitol metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentitols, any alditol with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019520
name: aldonic acid metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldonic acid, a monocarboxylic acid with a chain of three or more carbon atoms, derived from an aldose by oxidation of the aldehydic group." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019521
name: D-gluconate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-gluconate, the anion of D-gluconic acid, the aldonic acid derived from glucose." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019522
name: ketogluconate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketogluconate, the anion of ketogluconic acid, an aldonic acid derived from glucose containing a ketonic carbonyl group." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019523
name: L-idonate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-idonate, the anion of idonic acid, an aldonic acid derived from L-idose, an aldohexose which is epimeric with D-glucose." [CHEBI:17796, GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019524
name: keto-D-gluconate catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of keto-D-gluconate, the anion of keto-D-gluconic acid, an aldonic acid derived from glucose." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019525
name: keto-D-gluconate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving keto-D-gluconate, the anion of keto-D-gluconic acid, an aldonic acid derived from glucose." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019526
name: pentitol biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pentitols, any alditol with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019527
name: pentitol catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentitols, any alditol with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019528
name: D-arabitol catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-arabitol to form xylulose 5-phosphate. D-arabitol is converted into D-xylulose, which is then phosphorylated to form D-xylulose-5-phosphate." [MetaCyc:DARABITOLUTIL-PWY]


id: GO:0019529
name: taurine catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative important in the metabolism of fats." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198600461]


id: GO:0019530
name: taurine metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative important in the metabolism of fats." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198600461]


id: GO:0019531
name: oxalate transmembrane transporter activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Enables the transfer of oxalate from one side of the membrane to the other. Oxalate, or ethanedioic acid, occurs in many plants and is highly toxic to animals." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019532
name: oxalate transport
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The directed movement of oxalate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Oxalate, or ethanedioic acid, occurs in many plants and is highly toxic to animals." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019533
name: cellobiose transport
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The directed movement of cellobiose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Cellobiose, or 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose, is a disaccharide that represents the basic repeating unit of cellulose." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019534
name: toxin transporter activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Enables the directed movement of a toxin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. A toxin is a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019535
name: ferric-vibriobactin transmembrane transporter activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Enables the transfer of ferric-vibriobactin ions from one side of a membrane to the other." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019536
name: vibriobactin metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving vibriobactin, the major siderophore produced by Vibrio cholerae." [GOC:jl, PMID:11112537]


id: GO:0019537
name: vibriobactin biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vibriobactin, the major siderophore produced by Vibrio cholerae." [GOC:jl, PMID:11112537]


id: GO:0019538
name: protein metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving a specific protein, rather than of proteins in general. Includes protein modification." [GOC:ma]


id: GO:0019539
name: siderophore biosynthetic process from hydroxamic acid
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a siderophore from other compounds, including hydroxamic acid." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019540
name: siderophore biosynthetic process from catechol
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a siderophore from other compounds, including catechol." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019541
name: propionate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving propionate, the anion derived from propionic (propanoic) acid, a carboxylic acid important in the energy metabolism of ruminants." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732, KEGG:C00163, MetaCyc:PROPIONATE]


id: GO:0019542
name: propionate biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of propionate, the anion derived from propionic acid." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019543
name: propionate catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propionate, the anion derived from propionic acid." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019544
name: arginine catabolic process to glutamate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including glutamate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019545
name: arginine catabolic process to succinate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including succinate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019546
name: arginine deiminase pathway
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including ornithine and CO2, using the enzyme arginine deiminase." [GOC:mah, MetaCyc:ARGDEGRAD-PWY]


id: GO:0019547
name: arginine catabolic process to ornithine
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including ornithine." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019548
name: arginine catabolic process to spermine
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including spermine." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019549
name: glutamate catabolic process to succinate via succinate semialdehyde
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into succinate, that includes the conversion of 4-aminobutyrate to succinate semialdehyde by the pyruvate-dependent gamma aminobutyrate (GABA) transaminase." [GOC:bf, GOC:go_curators, MetaCyc:PWY-4321]


id: GO:0019550
name: glutamate catabolic process to aspartate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including aspartate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019551
name: glutamate catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019552
name: glutamate catabolic process via 2-hydroxyglutarate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate 2-hydroxyglutarate, yielding energy in the form of ATP." [MetaCyc:P162-PWY]


id: GO:0019553
name: glutamate catabolic process via L-citramalate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate L-citramalate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019554
name: glutamate catabolic process to oxaloacetate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including oxaloacetate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019555
name: glutamate catabolic process to ornithine
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including ornithine." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019556
name: histidine catabolic process to glutamate and formamide
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including glutamate and formamide." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019557
name: histidine catabolic process to glutamate and formate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including glutamate and formate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019558
name: histidine catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019559
name: histidine catabolic process to imidazol-5-yl-lactate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including imidazol-5-yl-lactate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019560
name: histidine catabolic process to hydantoin-5-propionate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including hydantoin-5-propionate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019561
name: anaerobic phenylalanine oxidation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylalanine under anaerobic conditions; occurs via the intermediates phenylpyruvate and phenylacetaldehyde." [GOC:mah, MetaCyc:ANAPHENOXI-PWY]


id: GO:0019562
name: phenylalanine catabolic process to phosphoenolpyruvate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylalanine into other compounds, including phosphoenolpyruvate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019563
name: glycerol catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019564
name: aerobic glycerol catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, in the presence of oxygen." [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019566
name: arabinose metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving arabinose, arabino-pentose. L-Arabinose occurs both free, for example in the heartwood of many conifers, and in the combined state, as a constituent of plant hemicelluloses, bacterial polysaccharides etc. D-arabinose is a constituent of arabinonucleosides." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019567
name: arabinose biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arabinose, arabino-pentose." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019568
name: arabinose catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arabinose, arabino-pentose." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019569
name: L-arabinose catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabinose into other compounds, including xylulose 5-phosphate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019570
name: L-arabinose catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabinose into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019571
name: D-arabinose catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-arabinose, the D-enantiomer of arabino-pentose." [CHEBI:17108, GOC:go_curators, GOC:jsg, GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019572
name: L-arabinose catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabinose, the L-enantiomer of arabino-pentose." [CHEBI:30849, GOC:go_curators, GOC:jsg, GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019573
name: D-arabinose catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-arabinose to form xylulose 5-phosphate. D-arabinose is converted into D-ribulose, which is phosphorylated to ribulose-5-phosphate, which is isomerized to give D-xylulose-5-phosphate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019574
name: sucrose catabolic process via 3'-ketosucrose
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sucrose, which proceeds via the conversion of sucrose to 3'-ketosucrose. 3'-ketosucrose is hydrolyzed to 3-ketoglucose and fructose, and the 3-ketoglucose is then be converted to glucose." [GOC:bf, GOC:dgf, MetaCyc:SUCROSEUTIL2-PWY]


id: GO:0019575
name: obsolete sucrose catabolic process, using beta-fructofuranosidase
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sucrose, catalyzed by the enzyme beta-fructofuranosidase (EC:3.2.1.26)." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019576
name: aerobic fructose catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose that occurs in the presence of oxygen." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019577
name: aldaric acid metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldaric acid, any dicarboxylic acid formed by oxidation of by the terminal groups of an aldose to carboxyl group." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019578
name: aldaric acid biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldaric acid, any dicarboxylic acid formed by oxidation of by the terminal groups of an aldose to carboxyl group." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019579
name: aldaric acid catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aldaric acid, any dicarboxylic acid formed by oxidation of by the terminal groups of an aldose to carboxyl group." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019580
name: galactarate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactarate, an anion of galactaric acid, the meso-aldaric acid derived from both D- and L-galactose." [GOC:pr, ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019583
name: galactonate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactonate, the anion of galactonic acid, an organic acid derived from the sugar galactose." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019584
name: galactonate catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactonate, the anion of galactonic acid." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019585
name: glucuronate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucuronate, any salt or ester of glucuronic acid, the uronic acid formally derived from glucose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019586
name: galacturonate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid, the uronic acid formally derived from galactose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019588
name: anaerobic glycerol catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol, yielding energy in the form of ATP." [GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019589
name: anaerobic glycerol catabolic process to propane-1,3-diol
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol into propane-1,3-diol and water." [GOC:jl, MetaCyc:GOLPDLCAT-PWY]


id: GO:0019590
name: L-arabitol catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabitol to form xylulose 5-phosphate. L-arabitol is converted into L-xylulose, which is then phosphorylated to L-xylulose-5-phosphate. This is converted to D-xylulose-5-phosphate via the intermediate L-ribulose-5-phosphate." [MetaCyc:LARABITOLUTIL-PWY]


id: GO:0019592
name: mannitol catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannitol, the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019593
name: mannitol biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannitol, the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019594
name: mannitol metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannitol, the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019595
name: non-phosphorylated glucose catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of non-phosphorylated forms of glucose." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019596
name: mandelate catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mandelate, the anion of mandelic acid. Mandelic acid (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid) is an 8-carbon alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that is used in organic chemistry and as a urinary antiseptic." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019597
name: (R)-mandelate catabolic process to benzoate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (R)-mandelate into other compounds, including benzoate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019598
name: (R)-mandelate catabolic process to catechol
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (R)-mandelate into other compounds, including catechol." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019599
name: (R)-4-hydroxymandelate catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (R)-4-hydroxymandelate, the anion of (R)-4-hydroxymandelic acid." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019600
name: toluene oxidation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the loss of electrons from one or more atoms in toluene." [GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019601
name: toluene oxidation via 2-hydroxytoluene
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The degradation of toluene to form pyruvate and acetaldehyde; the first step in the pathway is the oxidation of toluene to form 2-hydroxytoluene (o-cresol)." [MetaCyc:TOLUENE-DEG-2-OH-PWY]


id: GO:0019602
name: toluene oxidation via 3-hydroxytoluene
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The degradation of toluene to form pyruvate and acetaldehyde; the first step in the pathway is the oxidation of toluene to form 3-hydroxytoluene (m-cresol)." [MetaCyc:TOLUENE-DEG-3-OH-PWY]


id: GO:0019603
name: toluene oxidation via 4-hydroxytoluene
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The degradation of toluene to form p-hydroxybenzoate; the first step in the pathway is the oxidation of toluene to form 4-hydroxytoluene (4-cresol)." [MetaCyc:TOLUENE-DEG-4-OH-PWY]


id: GO:0019604
name: toluene oxidation to catechol
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The formation from toluene of catechol, dihydroxybenzene, by successive oxidations followed by loss of carbon dioxide (CO2)." [MetaCyc:TOLUENE-DEG-CATECHOL-PWY]


id: GO:0019605
name: butyrate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving any butyrate, the anions of butyric acid (butanoic acid), a saturated, unbranched aliphatic acid." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019606
name: 2-oxobutyrate catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-oxobutyrate, the anion of the organic acid 2-oxobutyric acid, which contains a ketone group on carbon 2." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019607
name: phenylethylamine catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylethylamine, an amine with pharmacological properties similar to those of amphetamine, occurs naturally as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and is present in chocolate and oil of bitter almonds." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0395825172]


id: GO:0019608
name: nicotine catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotine, (S)(-)-3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine." [GOC:sm, ISBN:0198547684]


id: GO:0019609
name: 3-hydroxyphenylacetate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-hydroxyphenylacetate, 1,3-benzenediol monoacetate, also known as resorcinol monoacetate." [http://chemfinder.cambridgesoft.com/]


id: GO:0019610
name: 3-hydroxyphenylacetate catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-hydroxyphenylacetate, 1,3-benzenediol monoacetate, also known as resorcinol monoacetate." [http://chemfinder.cambridgesoft.com/]


id: GO:0019611
name: 4-toluenecarboxylate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-toluenecarboxylate, 4-methylbenzenecarboxylate, the anion of carboxylic acid attached to a methylbenzene molecule." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019612
name: 4-toluenecarboxylate catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-toluenecarboxylate, 4-methylbenzenecarboxylate, the anion of carboxylic acid attached to a methylbenzene molecule." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019614
name: catechol-containing compound catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of catechol-containing compounds. Catechol is a compound containing a pyrocatechol nucleus or substituent." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019615
name: catechol catabolic process, ortho-cleavage
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of catechol via the ortho-cleavage pathway, in which the catechol aromatic ring is broken between the two carbon atoms bearing hydroxyl groups." [GOC:jl, http://www.ence.umd.edu/]


id: GO:0019616
name: catechol catabolic process, meta-cleavage
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of catechol via the meta-cleavage pathway, in which the catechol aromatic ring is broken between a hydroxylated carbon atom and an adjacent unsubstituted carbon atom." [GOC:jl, http://www.ence.umd.edu/]


id: GO:0019617
name: protocatechuate catabolic process, meta-cleavage
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of protocatechuate, the anion of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, to yield oxaloacetate and pyruvate." [MetaCyc:P184-PWY]


id: GO:0019618
name: protocatechuate catabolic process, ortho-cleavage
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of protocatechuate, the anion of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, to yield beta-ketoadipate." [MetaCyc:PROTOCATECHUATE-ORTHO-CLEAVAGE-PWY]


id: GO:0019619
name: 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of  3,4-dihydroxybenzoate." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019620
name: aerobic benzoate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid) that occur in the presence of oxygen." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019621
name: creatinine catabolic process to formate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of creatinine into other compounds, including formate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019622
name: 3-(3-hydroxy)phenylpropionate catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-(3-hydroxy)phenylpropionate, a hydroxylated derivative of phenylpropionate." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019623
name: atrazine catabolic process to urea
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of atrazine, a triazine ring-containing herbicide, into urea." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019624
name: atrazine catabolic process to isopropylamine
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of atrazine, a triazine ring-containing herbicide, into isopropylamine." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019625
name: atrazine catabolic process to cyanuric acid
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of atrazine, a triazine ring-containing herbicide, into cyanuric acid." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019626
name: short-chain fatty acid catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fatty acids with a chain length of less than C6." [CHEBI:26666, ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019627
name: urea metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving urea, the water soluble compound O=C-(NH2)2." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019628
name: urate catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of urate, the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019629
name: propionate catabolic process, 2-methylcitrate cycle
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propionate that occurs in the 2-methylcitrate cycle." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019630
name: quinate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving quinate, the anion of quinic acid. The acid occurs commonly in plants, either free or as esters, and is used as a medicine." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019631
name: quinate catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of quinate, the anion of quinic acid." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019632
name: shikimate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving shikimate, (3R,4S,5R)--3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate, the anion of shikimic acid. It is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids." [CHEBI:36208, GOC:sm, ISBN:0198547684]


id: GO:0019633
name: shikimate catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of shikimate, (3R,4S,5R)--3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate, the anion of shikimic acid." [CHEBI:36208, GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019634
name: organic phosphonate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphonates, any organic compounds containing one or more C-PO(OH)2 or C-PO(OR)2 (with R=alkyl, aryl) groups. Metabolism of phosphonic acid itself, an inorganic compound without the biochemically relevant C-P bond, is not included." [GOC:js, ISBN:0721662544]


id: GO:0019635
name: 2-aminoethylphosphonate catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-aminoethylphosphonate, also known as ciliatine." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019636
name: phosphonoacetate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphonoacetate, C2H4PO5, a substance composed of an acetate and a phosphonic acid residue." [MetaCyc:P483-PWY]


id: GO:0019637
name: organophosphate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving organophosphates, any phosphate-containing organic compound." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019638
name: 6-hydroxycineole metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving 6-hydroxycineole (6-hydroxy-1,8-epoxy-p-menthane), a hydrocarbon with the formula C10H18O2." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019639
name: 6-hydroxycineole catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 6-hydroxycineole (6-hydroxy-1,8-epoxy-p-menthane), a hydrocarbon with the formula C10H18O2." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019640
name: glucuronate catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucuronate into other compounds, including xylulose 5-phosphate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019643
name: reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A pathway leading to the fixation of two molecules of CO2 and the production of one molecule of acetyl-CoA; essentially the oxidative TCA cycle running in reverse. Acetyl-CoA is reductively carboxylated to pyruvate, from which all other central metabolites can be formed. Most of the enzymes of reductive and oxidative TCA cycle are shared, with the exception of three key enzymes that allow the cycle to run in reverse: ATP citrate lyase, 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, and fumarate reductase. 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase catalyzes the carboxylation of succinyl-CoA to 2-oxoglutarate, ATP citrate lyase the ATP-dependent cleavage of citrate to acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate, and fumarate reductase the reduction of fumarate forming succinate." [GOC:jl, PMID:15838028]


id: GO:0019645
name: anaerobic electron transport chain
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to any of several different terminal electron acceptors other than oxygen to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient." [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_electron_transport]


id: GO:0019646
name: aerobic electron transport chain
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to oxygen to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient." [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_electron_transport]


id: GO:0019647
name: formaldehyde assimilation via ribulose monophosphate cycle
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The pathway in which formaldehyde is used as a carbon source in the ribulose monophosphate cycle. Methanotrophic bacteria produce formaldehyde from the oxidation of methane and methanol, and then assimilate it via the ribulose monophosphate cycle to form intermediates of the central metabolic routes that are subsequently used for biosynthesis of cell material. Three molecules of formaldehyde are assimilated, forming a three-carbon intermediate of central metabolism; in this pathway, all cellular carbon is assimilated at the oxidation level of formaldehyde." [MetaCyc:PWY-1861]


id: GO:0019648
name: formaldehyde assimilation via xylulose monophosphate cycle
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The pathway in which formaldehyde is used as a carbon source in the xylulose monophosphate cycle. Methylotrophic yeasts, but not bacteria, utilize the xylulose monophosphate cycle to fix formaldehyde and convert it into metabolically useful organic compounds." [MetaCyc:P185-PWY]


id: GO:0019649
name: formaldehyde assimilation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The pathways in which formaldehyde is processed and used as a carbon source for the cell." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019650
name: glycolytic fermentation to butanediol
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose into butanediol; effected by some members of the Enterobacteriaceae, e.g. Enterobacter, Erwinia, Klebsiella, and Serratia." [GOC:dph, GOC:nr, ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019651
name: citrate catabolic process to diacetyl
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of citrate to diacetyl, yielding energy in the form of ATP." [MetaCyc:P126-PWY]


id: GO:0019652
name: lactate fermentation to propionate and acetate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of lactate to propionate, concomitant with the oxidation of lactate to acetate and CO2 and yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)." [GOC:jl, MetaCyc:PROPFERM-PWY]


id: GO:0019653
name: anaerobic purine nucleobase catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleobases, yielding energy in the form of ATP." [CHEBI:26386, GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019654
name: acetate fermentation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate, yielding energy in the form of ATP." [CHEBI:30089, GOC:jl, MetaCyc:P142-PWY]


id: GO:0019655
name: glycolytic fermentation to ethanol
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose; it is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide (CO2), producing two molecules of ATP for each molecule of glucose." [GOC:dph, GOC:nr, ISBN:0716720094]


id: GO:0019656
name: glucose catabolic process to D-lactate and ethanol
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the enzymatic breakdown of D-glucose to D-lactate and ethanol, yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) at the rate of one ATP per glucose molecule." [GOC:jl, MetaCyc:P122-PWY]


id: GO:0019657
name: glycolytic fermentation to propionate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Glycolytic fermentation resulting in the catabolism of glucose to propionate, yielding energy in the form of ATP; an alternative to the acrylate pathway to produce propionate." [GOC:dph, GOC:nr, MetaCyc:P108-PWY]


id: GO:0019658
name: glucose fermentation to lactate and acetate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose to lactate and acetate, yielding energy in the form of ATP." [MetaCyc:P124-PWY]


id: GO:0019659
name: glucose catabolic process to lactate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The anaerobic enzymatic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose to lactate, and possibly ethanol, yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019660
name: glycolytic fermentation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Fermentation that includes the anaerobic conversion of glucose to pyruvate via the glycolytic pathway." [GOC:curators]


id: GO:0019661
name: glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The anaerobic enzymatic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose to lactate, via canonical glycolysis, yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019662
name: non-glycolytic fermentation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Fermentation that does not include the anaerobic conversion of glucose to pyruvate via the glycolytic pathway." [GOC:jl, MetaCyc:Fermentation]


id: GO:0019664
name: mixed acid fermentation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose into ethanol, lactate, formate, succinate, and acetate, yielding energy in the form of ATP." [MetaCyc:FERMENTATION-PWY, PMID:124925502]


id: GO:0019665
name: anaerobic amino acid catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids, yielding energy in the form of ATP." [GOC:curators, GOC:jl, MetaCyc:Fermentation]


id: GO:0019666
name: nitrogenous compound fermentation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nitrogen-containing compound, yielding energy in the form of ATP." [GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019667
name: anaerobic L-alanine catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine, yielding energy in the form of ATP." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019668
name: anaerobic catabolism of pairs of amino acids
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids; in these reactions, one amino acid is oxidised (acts as an electron donor) and a different amino acid is reduced (acts as an electron acceptor); oxidation of the electron-donating amino acid yields energy in the form of ATP." [GOC:mah, PMID:13140081]


id: GO:0019669
name: anaerobic glycine catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine, yielding energy in the form of ATP." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019670
name: anaerobic glutamate catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, yielding energy in the form of ATP." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019671
name: glutamate catabolic process via mesaconate and citramalate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate via the intermediates mesaconate and S-citramalate, yielding energy in the form of ATP." [MetaCyc:GLUDEG-II-PWY]


id: GO:0019672
name: ethanol-acetate fermentation to butyrate and caproate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethanol and acetate to butyrate and caproate, yielding energy in the form of ATP." [MetaCyc:P127-PWY]


id: GO:0019673
name: GDP-mannose metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019674
name: NAD metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0618254153]


id: GO:0019675
name: obsolete NAD phosphorylation and dephosphorylation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "OBSOLETE. The addition or removal of a phosphate group from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0618254153]


id: GO:0019676
name: ammonia assimilation cycle
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The pathway by which ammonia is processed and incorporated into a cell. In an energy-rich (glucose-containing), nitrogen-poor environment, glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase form an ammonia assimilatory cycle, in which ammonia is incorporated into L-glutamate to form L-glutamine, which then combines with alpha-ketoglutarate to regenerate L-glutamate. This ATP-dependent cycle is essential for nitrogen-limited growth and for steady-state growth with some sources of nitrogen." [MetaCyc:AMMASSIM-PWY]


id: GO:0019677
name: NAD catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid; catabolism may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0618254153]


id: GO:0019678
name: propionate metabolic process, methylmalonyl pathway
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving propionate that occur in the methylmalonyl pathway." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019679
name: propionate metabolic process, methylcitrate cycle
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving propionate that occur in the methylcitrate cycle." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019680
name: L-methylmalonyl-CoA biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methylmalonyl-CoA, the L-enantiomer of 2-carboxypropanoyl-CoA." [GOC:ai, GOC:jsg, GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019681
name: acetyl-CoA assimilation pathway
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The pathways by which acetyl-CoA is processed and converted into alpha-ketoglutarate (2-oxoglutarate); methanogenic archaea use these pathways to assimilate acetyl-CoA into the cell." [MetaCyc:P22-PWY]


id: GO:0019682
name: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an important intermediate in glycolysis." [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019683
name: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an important intermediate in glycolysis." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019684
name: photosynthesis, light reaction
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The light reactions of photosynthesis, which take place in photosystems II and I. Light energy is harvested and used to power the transfer of electrons among a series of electron donors and acceptors. The final electron acceptor is NADP+, which is reduced to NADPH. NADPH generated from light reactions is used in sugar synthesis in dark reactions. Light reactions also generate a proton motive force across the thylakoid membrane, and the proton gradient is used to synthesize ATP. There are two chemical reactions involved in the light reactions: water oxidation in photosystem II, and NADP reduction in photosystem I." [http://www.arabidopsis.org]


id: GO:0019685
name: photosynthesis, dark reaction
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A complex cycle of enzyme-mediated reactions which catalyzes the reduction of carbon dioxide to sugar. As well as carbon dioxide the cycle requires reducing power in the form of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The reduced NADP (NADPH) and ATP are produced by the 'light' reactions." [ISBN:0582015952]


id: GO:0019686
name: purine nucleoside interconversion
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways by which a purine nucleoside is synthesized from another purine nucleoside." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0306444747, ISBN:0471394831]


id: GO:0019687
name: pyruvate biosynthetic process from acetate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyruvate from other compounds, including acetate." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019688
name: purine deoxyribonucleoside interconversion
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways by which a purine deoxyribonucleoside is synthesized from another purine deoxyribonucleoside." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0306444747, ISBN:0471394831]


id: GO:0019689
name: pyrimidine nucleoside interconversion
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways by which a pyrimidine nucleoside is synthesized from another pyrimidine nucleoside." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0306444747, ISBN:0471394831]


id: GO:0019690
name: pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside interconversion
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways by which a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside is synthesized from another deoxyribopyrimidine nucleoside." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0306444747, ISBN:0471394831]


id: GO:0019692
name: deoxyribose phosphate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyribose phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 2-deoxy-erythro-pentose." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019693
name: ribose phosphate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving ribose phosphate, any phosphorylated ribose sugar." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019694
name: alkanesulfonate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving alkanesulfonates, the anion of alkanesulfonic acids, sulfonic acid derivatives containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon group." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019695
name: choline metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0192801023]


id: GO:0019696
name: toluene oxidation via toluene-cis-1,2-dihydrodiol
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The degradation of toluene to form pyruvate and acetaldehyde; the first step in the pathway is the oxidation of toluene to form toluene-cis-1,2-dihydrodiol." [MetaCyc:TOLUENE-DEG-DIOL-PWY]


id: GO:0019697
name: L-xylitol catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-xylitol to form xylulose 5-phosphate. L-xylitol is converted into L-xylulose, which is then phosphorylated to L-xylulose-5-phosphate. This is converted to D-xylulose-5-phosphate via the intermediate L-ribulose-5-phosphate." [MetaCyc:LARABITOLUTIL-PWY]


id: GO:0019698
name: D-galacturonate catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-galacturonate, the D-enantiomer of galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid." [GOC:ai, GOC:jsg, GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019700
name: organic phosphonate catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphonates, any organic compound containing one or more C-PO(OH)2 or C-PO(OR)2 (with R=alkyl, aryl) groups. Catabolism of phosphonic acid itself, an inorganic compound without the biochemically relevant C-P bond, is not included." [GOC:js]


id: GO:0019701
name: peptidyl-arginine N5-methylation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The methylation of peptidyl-arginine on the internal nitrogen-5 (N5) atom (also called delta-nitrogen) to form peptidyl-N5-methyl-L-arginine." [GOC:bf, PMID:9792625, RESID:AA0305]


id: GO:0019702
name: protein-arginine N5-methyltransferase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the delta-nitrogen atom of peptidyl-arginine residues." [PMID:9873020]


id: GO:0019703
name: coenzyme A-peptidyl-cysteine covalent linking
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The covalent linkage of coenzyme A and peptidyl-cysteine to form L-cysteine coenzyme A disulfide." [RESID:AA0306]


id: GO:0019705
name: protein-cysteine S-myristoyltransferase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the transfer of a myristoyl group to a sulfur atom on a cysteine residue of a protein molecule." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019706
name: protein-cysteine S-palmitoyltransferase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoyl group to a sulfur atom on the cysteine of a protein molecule." [EC:2.3.1.225, GOC:ai, GOC:pr]


id: GO:0019707
name: protein-cysteine S-acyltransferase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to a sulfur atom on the cysteine of a protein molecule." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019708
name: peptidyl-glycine cholesteryl ester biosynthesis from peptidyl-glycine
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The synthesis of peptidyl-glycine cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol ester at the carboxy-terminus of autolytically cleaved proteins." [RESID:AA0309]


id: GO:0019709
namespace: biological_process
name:
  iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulfide

def:
  "The incorporation of iron into a nickel-iron-sulfur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulfide, found in carbon monoxide dehydrogenase." [RESID:AA0310]


id: GO:0019710
name: peptidyl-asparagine methylation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The methylation of peptidyl-asparagine to form peptidyl-N4-methyl-L-asparagine or peptidyl-N4,N4-dimethyl-L-asparagine." [RESID:AA0070, RESID:AA0311]


id: GO:0019711
name: peptidyl-beta-carboxyaspartic acid biosynthetic process from peptidyl-aspartic acid
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-beta-carboxyaspartic acid from other compounds, including peptidyl-aspartic acid." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019715
name: peptidyl-aspartic acid hydroxylation to form L-erythro-beta-hydroxyaspartic acid
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The hydroxylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-L-erythro-beta-hydroxyaspartic acid; catalyzed by peptide-aspartate beta-dioxygenase (EC:1.14.11.16)." [RESID:AA0027]


id: GO:0019716
name: N-terminal peptidyl-alanine monomethylation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The monomethylation of the N-terminal alanine of proteins to form the derivative peptidyl-N-methyl-L-alanine." [RESID:AA0061]


id: GO:0019717
name: obsolete synaptosome
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "OBSOLETE: Any of the discrete particles (nerve-ending particles) formed from the clublike presynaptic nerve endings that resist disruption and are snapped or torn off their attachments when brain tissue is homogenized in media isosmotic to plasma." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019718
name: obsolete rough microsome
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "OBSOLETE: Vesicular particles formed from disrupted endoplasmic reticulum membranes and studded with ribosomes on the outside." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019719
name: obsolete smooth microsome
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "OBSOLETE: Vesicular particles formed from disrupted endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membranes without any adhering ribosomes." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019720
name: Mo-molybdopterin cofactor metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving the Mo-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo) ion coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands." [http://www.sunysb.edu/biochem/BIOCHEM/facultypages/schindelin/, ISSN:09498257]


id: GO:0019722
name: calcium-mediated signaling
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via calcium ions." [GOC:signaling]


id: GO:0019724
name: B cell mediated immunity
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any process involved with the carrying out of an immune response by a B cell, through, for instance, the production of antibodies or cytokines, or antigen presentation to T cells." [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:add, GOC:mtg_15nov05, ISBN:0781735149]


id: GO:0019725
name: cellular homeostasis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the cell." [GOC:isa_complete, GOC:jl, ISBN:0395825172]


id: GO:0019726
name: mevaldate reductase (NADPH) activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mevalonate + NADP(+) = H(+) + mevaldate + NADPH." [EC:1.1.1.33, RHEA:20196]


id: GO:0019727
name: mevaldate reductase (NAD+) activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mevalonate + NAD(+) = H(+) + mevaldate + NADH." [EC:1.1.1.32, RHEA:13224]


id: GO:0019729
name: peptide cross-linking via 2-imino-glutaminyl-5-imidazolinone glycine
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The formation of the fluorescent protein FP583 chromophore cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue n, a glutamine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+2, a glycine, and a dehydration to form a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+1. This cross-linking is coupled with a dehydrogenation of residue n+1 to form a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons." [RESID:AA0189]


id: GO:0019730
name: antimicrobial humoral response
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "An immune response against microbes mediated through a body fluid. Examples of this process are seen in the antimicrobial humoral response of Drosophila melanogaster and Mus musculus." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_sensu]


id: GO:0019731
name: antibacterial humoral response
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "An immune response against bacteria mediated through a body fluid. Examples of this process are the antibacterial humoral responses in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_sensu]


id: GO:0019732
name: antifungal humoral response
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "An immune response against a fungus mediated through a body fluid. An example of this process is the antifungal humoral response in Drosophila melanogaster." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_sensu]


id: GO:0019740
name: nitrogen utilization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A series of processes that forms an integrated mechanism by which a cell or an organism detects the depletion of primary nitrogen source, usually ammonia, and then activates genes to scavenge the last traces of the primary nitrogen source and to transport and metabolize alternative nitrogen sources. The utilization process begins when the cell or organism detects nitrogen levels, includes the activation of genes whose products detect, transport or metabolize nitrogen-containing substances, and ends when nitrogen is incorporated into the cell or organism's metabolism." [GOC:mah, GOC:mlg]


id: GO:0019741
name: pentacyclic triterpenoid catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 5 carbon rings." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019742
name: pentacyclic triterpenoid metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 5 carbon rings." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019743
name: hopanoid catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hopanoids, pentacyclic sterol-like compounds based on the hopane nucleus." [ISBN:0198547684]


id: GO:0019744
name: hopanoid metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving hopanoids, pentacyclic sterol-like compounds based on the hopane nucleus." [ISBN:0198547684]


id: GO:0019745
name: pentacyclic triterpenoid biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 5 carbon rings." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019746
name: hopanoid biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hopanoids, pentacyclic sterol-like compounds based on the hopane nucleus." [ISBN:0198547684]


id: GO:0019747
name: regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoids." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019748
name: secondary metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in many of the chemical changes of compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon. In multicellular organisms secondary metabolism is generally carried out in specific cell types, and may be useful for the organism as a whole. In unicellular organisms, secondary metabolism is often used for the production of antibiotics or for the utilization and acquisition of unusual nutrients." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019749
name: cytoskeleton-dependent cytoplasmic transport, nurse cell to oocyte
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal elements, such as microfilaments or microtubules, from a nurse cell to an oocyte." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019750
name: chloroplast localization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any process in which a chloroplast is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. A chloroplast is a chlorophyll-containing plastid found in cells of algae and higher plants." [GOC:bf, GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019751
name: polyol metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polyol, any alcohol containing three or more hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms." [CHEBI:26191, GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019752
name: carboxylic acid metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-)." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019755
name: one-carbon compound transport
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The directed movement of one-carbon compounds into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019756
name: cyanogenic glycoside biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyanogenic glycosides, any glycoside containing a cyano group that is released as hydrocyanic acid on acid hydrolysis; such compounds occur in the kernels of various fruits." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019757
name: glycosinolate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosinolates, substituted thioglycosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae." [GOC:mah, http://www.gardeneaters.net/family_characteristics.html]


id: GO:0019758
name: glycosinolate biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosinolates, substituted thioglycosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae." [GOC:mah, http://www.gardeneaters.net/family_characteristics.html]


id: GO:0019759
name: glycosinolate catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosinolates, substituted thioglycosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae." [GOC:mah, http://www.gardeneaters.net/family_characteristics.html]


id: GO:0019760
name: glucosinolate metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosinolates, substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae. They are metabolized to a variety of toxic products which are most likely the cause of hepatocytic necrosis in animals and humans." [CHEBI:24279, GOC:curators]


id: GO:0019761
name: glucosinolate biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosinolates, substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019762
name: glucosinolate catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucosinolates, substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019763
name: immunoglobulin receptor activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Combining with the Fc region of an immunoglobulin protein and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:signaling, ISBN:0198547684]


id: GO:0019766
name: IgA receptor activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Combining with an immunoglobulin of an IgA isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:add, GOC:signaling, ISBN:0781735149]


id: GO:0019767
name: IgE receptor activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Combining with an immunoglobulin of the IgE isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:add, GOC:signaling, ISBN:0781735149]


id: GO:0019768
name: high-affinity IgE receptor activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Combining with high affinity with an immunoglobulin of the IgE isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:add, GOC:signaling, ISBN:0781735149]


id: GO:0019769
name: low-affinity IgE receptor activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Combining with low affinity with an immunoglobulin of the IgE isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:add, GOC:signaling, ISBN:0781735149]


id: GO:0019770
name: IgG receptor activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Combining with an immunoglobulin of an IgG isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:add, GOC:signaling, ISBN:0781735149]


id: GO:0019771
name: high-affinity IgG receptor activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Combining with high affinity with an immunoglobulin of an IgG isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:add, GOC:signaling, ISBN:0781735149]


id: GO:0019772
name: low-affinity IgG receptor activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Combining with low affinity with an immunoglobulin of an IgG isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:add, GOC:signaling, ISBN:0781735149]


id: GO:0019773
name: proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "The proteasome core subcomplex that constitutes the two outer rings of the proteasome core complex. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus." [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:rb, PMID:10854779]


id: GO:0019774
name: proteasome core complex, beta-subunit complex
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "The proteasome core subcomplex that constitutes the two inner rings of the proteasome core complex. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus." [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:rb, PMID:10854779]


id: GO:0019775
name: FAT10 transferase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the transfer of FAT10 from one protein to another via the reaction X-FAT10 + Y --> Y-FAT10 + X, where both X-FAT10 and Y-FAT10 are covalent linkages." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, PMID:12826404]


id: GO:0019776
name: Atg8 ligase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein Atg8 to substrate molecules; phosphatidylethanolamine is a known substrate." [GOC:mah, PMID:12826404]


id: GO:0019777
name: Atg12 transferase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the transfer of ATG12 from one protein to another via the reaction X-ATG12 + Y --> Y-ATG12 + X, where both X-ATG12 and Y-ATG12 are covalent linkages." [GOC:mah, PMID:12826404]


id: GO:0019778
name: Atg12 activating enzyme activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier APG12, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond." [GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019779
name: Atg8 activating enzyme activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier APG8, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond." [GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019780
name: FAT10 activating enzyme activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier FAT10, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond." [GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019782
name: ISG15 activating enzyme activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier ISG15, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond." [GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019783
name: ubiquitin-like protein-specific protease activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide or isopeptide bonds within small proteins such as ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins (e.g. APG8, ISG15, NEDD8, SUMO), or between the small protein and a larger protein to which it has been conjugated." [GOC:ma, GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019784
name: NEDD8-specific protease activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of NEDD8, a small ubiquitin-related modifier, from previously neddylated substrates." [GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019785
name: ISG15-specific protease activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ISG15, a small ubiquitin-related modifier, from previously modified substrates." [GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019787
name: ubiquitin-like protein transferase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin-like from one protein to another via the reaction X-ULP + Y --> Y-ULP + X, where both X-ULP and Y-ULP are covalent linkages. ULP represents a ubiquitin-like protein." [GOC:mah, GOC:rn, PMID:10806345, PMID:10884686]


id: GO:0019788
name: NEDD8 transferase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the transfer of NEDD8 from one protein to another via the reaction X-NEDD8 + Y --> Y-NEDD8 + X, where both X-NEDD8 and Y-NEDD8 are covalent linkages." [GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019789
name: SUMO transferase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the transfer of SUMO from one protein to another via the reaction X-SUMO + Y --> Y-SUMO + X, where both X-SUMO and Y-SUMO are covalent linkages." [GOC:rn, PMID:11031248, PMID:11265250]


id: GO:0019793
name: obsolete ISG15 carrier activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the transfer of ISG15 (interferon-stimulated gene-15) from one side of the membrane to the other." [GOC:jl, http://www.copewithcytokines.de/]


id: GO:0019794
name: obsolete nonprotein amino acid metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving any amino acid not found, or rarely found, in peptide linkage in proteins." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019795
name: obsolete nonprotein amino acid biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any amino acid that does not normally occur as a constituent residue of proteins." [GOC:ma]


id: GO:0019796
name: obsolete nonprotein amino acid catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any amino acid not found, or rarely found, in peptide linkage in proteins." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019797
name: procollagen-proline 3-dioxygenase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: procollagen L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = procollagen trans-3-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2." [EC:1.14.11.7]


id: GO:0019798
name: procollagen-proline dioxygenase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: procollagen L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = procollagen trans-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2." [EC:1.14.11.2, EC:1.14.11.7, GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019799
name: tubulin N-acetyltransferase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + (alpha-tubulin) L-lysine = CoA + (alpha-tubulin) N6-acetyl-L-lysine." [EC:2.3.1.108]


id: GO:0019800
name: peptide cross-linking via chondroitin 4-sulfate glycosaminoglycan
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The formation of a cross-link between peptide chains mediated by a chondroitin 4-sulfate glycosaminoglycan that originates from a typical O-glycosidic link to serine of one chain; the other chain is esterified, via the alpha-carbon of its C-terminal Asp, to C-6 of an internal N-acetylgalactosamine of the glycosaminoglycan chain." [PMID:1898736, RESID:AA0219]


id: GO:0019801
name: cyclization of asparagine involved in intein-mediated protein splicing
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The cyclization of asparagine to yield an L-aspartimide (otherwise known as alpha-aminosuccinimide) residue at the C-terminus of an excised intein during protein splicing." [RESID:AA0302]


id: GO:0019802
name: cyclization of glutamine involved in intein-mediated protein splicing
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The cyclization of glutamine to yield an L-glutamimide residue at the C-terminus of an excised intein during protein splicing." [GOC:dph, GOC:tb, RESID:AA0303]


id: GO:0019803
name: peptidyl-aspartic acid carboxylation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The carboxylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-L-beta-carboxyaspartic acid." [RESID:AA0304]


id: GO:0019804
name: obsolete quinolinate synthetase complex
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "OBSOLETE. A heterodimer which acts as a quinolinate synthetase; quinolinate synthetase B (L-aspartate oxidase) catalyzes the oxidation of L-aspartate to L-iminoaspartate; quinolinate synthetase A condenses L-imidoaspartate and dihydroxyacetone to quinolinate." [UniProtKB:P10902]


id: GO:0019805
name: quinolinate biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of quinolinate, the anion of quinolinic acid, also known as 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019806
name: bromide peroxidase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: 2 R-H + 2 bromide + hydrogen peroxide = 2 R-Br + 2 H2O. Enzymes with this activity often accept other halide ions as substrates, including chloride and iodide." [EC:1.11.1.10]


id: GO:0019807
name: aspartoacylase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: N-acyl-L-aspartate + H2O = a fatty acid anion + L-aspartate." [EC:3.5.1.15]


id: GO:0019808
name: polyamine binding
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with polyamines, organic compounds containing two or more amino groups." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019809
name: spermidine binding
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019810
name: putrescine binding
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane, the polyamine formed by decarboxylation of ornithine and the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019811
name: cocaine binding
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cocaine (2-beta-carbomethoxy-3-beta-benzoxytropane), an alkaloid obtained from dried leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca or by chemical synthesis." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019812
name: Type I site-specific deoxyribonuclease complex
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "A multisubunit complex composed of two copies of a restriction (R) subunit, two copies of a methylation (M) subunit, and one copy of a specificity (S) subunit. This complex recognizes specific short DNA sequences (through the S subunit), and binds to them. If the recognition site is hemimethylated, the complex acts as a methyltransferase which modifies the recognition site, using S-adenosylmethionine as the methyl donor. Only the M and S subunits are required for this reaction. If the complex binds to an unmethylated recognition site, then the complex translocates the DNA bidirectionally in an ATP-dependent manner. When the translocation is stalled by impact with another complex or unusual DNA structure, the enzyme functions as an endonuclease and cleavage of the DNA will occur, hundreds or thousands of base pairs away from the recognition site. These DNA restriction systems are used by bacteria to defend against phage and other foreign DNA that may enter a cell." [PMID:12654995, PMID:15788748]


id: GO:0019813
name: Type III site-specific deoxyribonuclease complex
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "A heterodimeric enzyme complex composed of two subunits, Res and Mod, that functions as an endonuclease and cleaves DNA. Cleavage will only occur when there are two un-methylated copies of a specific recognition site in an inverse orientation on the DNA. Cleavage occurs at a specific distance away from one of the recognition sites. The Mod subunit can act alone as a methyltansferase. DNA restriction systems such as this are used by bacteria to defend against phage and other foreign DNA that may enter a cell." [PMID:12654995]


id: GO:0019814
name: immunoglobulin complex
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "A protein complex that in its canonical form is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds and sometimes complexed with additional proteins. An immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph." [GOC:add, GOC:jl, ISBN:0781765196]


id: GO:0019815
name: B cell receptor complex
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "An immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and that in its canonical form is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


id: GO:0019817
name: vesicle fusion with peroxisome
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle with the lipid bilayer membrane around the peroxisome." [GOC:jid]


id: GO:0019819
name: P1 peroxisome
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P1 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content; they contain fewer peroxisomal proteins than the other subforms." [PMID:10629216]


id: GO:0019820
name: P2 peroxisome
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P2 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content; they are the least dense of the subforms observed." [PMID:10629216]


id: GO:0019821
name: P3 peroxisome
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P3 peroxisomes are formed by fusion of P1 and P2 peroxisomes, and are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content." [PMID:10629216]


id: GO:0019822
name: P4 peroxisome
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P4 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content." [PMID:10629216]


id: GO:0019823
name: P5 peroxisome
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P5 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content." [PMID:10629216]


id: GO:0019824
name: P6 peroxisome
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P6 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content, and are equivalent to mature peroxisomes." [PMID:10629216]


id: GO:0019826
name: oxygen sensor activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of oxygen (O2)." [GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019827
name: stem cell population maintenance
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of stem cells of a single type.  This can be achieved by a number of mechanisms: stem cell asymmetric division maintains stem cell numbers; stem cell symmetric division increases them; maintenance of a stem cell niche maintains the conditions for commitment to the stem cell fate for some types of stem cell; stem cells may arise de novo from other cell types." [GOC:mah, ISBN:0878932437]


id: GO:0019828
name: aspartic-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of aspartic-type endopeptidases, enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain; the optimum reaction pH is below 5 due to an aspartic residue involved in the catalytic process." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019829
name: cation-transporting ATPase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + cation(out) = ADP + phosphate + cation(in)." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019833
name: obsolete ice nucleation activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the formation of ice crystals in extracellular fluid at relatively high temperatures (up to -2 degrees C) to protect the organism from damage by intracellular ice formation. Ice nucleation proteins function by binding an ice crystal and then encouraging it to form larger crystals. Ice nucleation is a chemical process but these proteins can positively regulate it. There are two different uses of ice nucleation proteins: bacteria secrete them extracellularly to cause a host organism's cells to freeze and die, and fish use them to protect themselves from intracellular ice formation." [GOC:ai, GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019836
name: hemolysis by symbiont of host erythrocytes
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The cytolytic destruction of red blood cells, with the release of intracellular hemoglobin, in the host organism by a symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction." [GOC:add, UniProtKB-KW:KW-0354]


id: GO:0019838
name: growth factor binding
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any growth factor, proteins or polypeptides that stimulate a cell or organism to grow or proliferate." [GOC:curators]


id: GO:0019840
name: isoprenoid binding
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any isoprenoid compound, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019841
name: retinol binding
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with retinol, vitamin A1, 2,6,6-trimethyl-1-(9'-hydroxy-3',7'-dimethylnona-1',3',5',7'-tetraenyl)cyclohex-1-ene, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A. Retinol is an intermediate in the vision cycle and it also plays a role in growth and differentiation." [CHEBI:50211, GOC:curators]


id: GO:0019842
name: vitamin binding
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019844
name: obsolete endotoxin activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "OBSOLETE. The function of any microbial toxin that cannot be easily separated from the structure of the cell." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019845
name: obsolete exotoxin activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "OBSOLETE. The function of a toxin formed by a microorganism and secreted into the surrounding medium." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019846
name: obsolete enterotoxin activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "OBSOLETE. Acts as to cause injury to the intestinal mucosa of other living organisms." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019848
name: obsolete conotoxin activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "OBSOLETE. Acts to inhibit neural function in another organism by inhibiting voltage-gated calcium ion channels and neurotransmitter release. This function is thought to be specific to the venom of two marine snail species." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019852
name: L-ascorbic acid metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-ascorbic acid, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate; L-ascorbic acid is vitamin C and has co-factor and anti-oxidant activities in many species." [CHEBI:38290, GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019853
name: L-ascorbic acid biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-ascorbic acid; L-ascorbic acid ionizes to give L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, which is required as a cofactor in the oxidation of prolyl residues to hydroxyprolyl, and other reactions." [CHEBI:38290, GOC:ma, ISBN:0198547684]


id: GO:0019854
name: L-ascorbic acid catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-ascorbic acid; L-ascorbic acid ionizes to give L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, which is required as a cofactor in the oxidation of prolyl residues to hydroxyprolyl, and other reactions." [CHEBI:38290, GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019856
name: pyrimidine nucleobase biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases." [CHEBI:26432, GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019857
name: 5-methylcytosine metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving 5-methylcytosine, a methylated base of DNA." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019858
name: cytosine metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine, a pyrimidine derivative that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids; it occurs widely in cytidine derivatives." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019859
name: thymine metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving thymine, 5-methyluracil, one of the two major pyrimidine bases present (as thymidine) in DNA but not found in RNA other than (as ribothymidine) in transfer RNA, where it is a minor base." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019860
name: uracil metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, one of the pyrimidine bases occurring in RNA, but not in DNA." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019861
name: obsolete flagellum
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "OBSOLETE. Long whiplike or feathery structures borne either singly or in groups by the motile cells of many bacteria and unicellular eukaryotes and by the motile male gametes of many eukaryotic organisms, which propel the cell through a liquid medium." [UniProtKB-KW:KW-0282]


id: GO:0019862
name: IgA binding
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an immunoglobulin of an IgA isotype." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


id: GO:0019863
name: IgE binding
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an immunoglobulin of the IgE isotype." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


id: GO:0019864
name: IgG binding
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an immunoglobulin of an IgG isotype." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


id: GO:0019866
name: organelle inner membrane
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of an organelle envelope; usually highly selective to most ions and metabolites." [GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019867
name: outer membrane
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "The external membrane of Gram-negative bacteria or certain organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts; freely permeable to most ions and metabolites." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019872
name: streptomycin biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of streptomycin, a commonly used antibiotic in cell culture media; it acts only on prokaryotes and blocks transition from initiation complex to chain elongating ribosome." [CHEBI:17076, GOC:curators]


id: GO:0019874
name: 6-aminohexanoate-cyclic-dimer hydrolase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: 1,8-diazacyclotetradecane-2,9-dione + H(2)O = N-(6-aminohexanoyl)-6-aminohexanoate." [EC:3.5.2.12, RHEA:16228]


id: GO:0019875
name: 6-aminohexanoate-dimer hydrolase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: N-(6-aminohexanoyl)-6-aminohexanoate + H2O = 2 6-aminohexanoate." [EC:3.5.1.46]


id: GO:0019876
name: nylon catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nylon, a polymer where the main polymer chain comprises recurring amide groups; these compounds are generally formed from combinations of diamines, diacids and amino acids." [UniProtKB-KW:KW-0549]


id: GO:0019877
name: diaminopimelate biosynthetic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diaminopimelate, both as an intermediate in lysine biosynthesis and as a component (as meso-diaminopimelate) of the peptidoglycan of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls." [GOC:ma, ISBN:0198547684]


id: GO:0019878
name: lysine biosynthetic process via aminoadipic acid
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine by the aminoadipic pathway." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019879
name: peptidyl-thyronine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The formation of peptidyl-thyronine from peptidyl-tyrosine in thyroglobulin by phenyl transfer coupled with the formation of peptidyl-dehydroalanine." [GOC:jsg]


id: GO:0019882
name: antigen processing and presentation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex." [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:add, GOC:mtg_15nov05, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15771591, PMID:15928678]


id: GO:0019883
name: antigen processing and presentation of endogenous antigen
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15771591, PMID:15928678]


id: GO:0019884
name: antigen processing and presentation of exogenous antigen
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15771591, PMID:15928678]


id: GO:0019885
name: antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15771591]


id: GO:0019886
name: antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein." [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15771591]


id: GO:0019888
name: protein phosphatase regulator activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Modulates the activity of a protein phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a protein substrate molecule." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019889
name: pteridine metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving pteridine, pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine), the parent structure of pterins and the pteroyl group." [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019894
name: kinesin binding
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Interacting selectively and non-covalently and stoichiometrically with kinesin, a member of a superfamily of microtubule-based motor proteins that perform force-generating tasks such as organelle transport and chromosome segregation." [GOC:curators, PMID:8606779]


id: GO:0019895
name: kinesin-associated mitochondrial adaptor activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "The activity of linking kinesins, cytoplasmic proteins responsible for moving vesicles and organelles towards the distal end of microtubules, to mitochondria." [PMID:12495622]


id: GO:0019897
name: extrinsic component of plasma membrane
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region." [GOC:curators, GOC:dos]


id: GO:0019898
name: extrinsic component of membrane
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "The component of a membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region." [GOC:dos, GOC:jl, GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019900
name: kinase binding
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019901
name: protein kinase binding
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a protein substrate." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019905
name: syntaxin binding
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a syntaxin, a SNAP receptor involved in the docking of synaptic vesicles at the presynaptic zone of a synapse." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019907
name: cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase holoenzyme complex
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "A cyclin-dependent kinase activating kinase complex capable of activating cyclin-dependent kinases by threonine phosphorylation, thus regulating cell cycle progression. consists of a kinase, cyclin and optional assembly factors, in human CDK7, CCNH and MNAT1. CAK activity is itself regulated throughout the cell cycle by T-loop phosphorylation of its kinase component (CDK7 in human). Phosphorylation of serine residues during mitosis inactivates the enzyme. Also capable of CAK phosphorylating the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II and other transcription activating proteins, as part of the general transcription factor TFIIH." [GOC:bhm, PMID:8752210]


id: GO:0019909
name: [pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)] phosphatase regulator activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Modification of the activity of the enzyme [pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)] phosphatase." [EC:3.1.3.43, GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019910
name: mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) phosphatase complex
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "A mitochondrial complex of a regulatory and catalytic subunit that catalyzes the dephosphorylation and concomitant reactivation of the alpha subunit of the E1 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus." [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:9395502]


id: GO:0019911
name: structural constituent of myelin sheath
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the myelin sheath of a nerve." [GOC:mah]


id: GO:0019912
name: cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein; increases the activity of a cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK)." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019914
name: cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase regulator activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Modulation of the activity of the enzyme cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019915
name: lipid storage
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development." [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb, PMID:11102830]


id: GO:0019917
name: peptidyl-D-alanine racemization via peptidyl-L-serine
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The dehydration of peptidyl-serine, followed by hydrogenation to produce peptidyl-D-alanine." [RESID:AA0191]


id: GO:0019918
name: peptidyl-arginine methylation, to symmetrical-dimethyl arginine
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process of methylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-N(omega),N'(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine." [RESID:AA0067, RESID:AA0069]


id: GO:0019919
name: peptidyl-arginine methylation, to asymmetrical-dimethyl arginine
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process of methylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine." [RESID:AA0068, RESID:AA0069]


id: GO:0019920
name: peptidyl-1-thioglycine biosynthetic process, internal
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of internal peptidyl-1-thioglycine, which has an internal C=S bond, instead of an internal C=O bond, in the peptide." [GOC:go_curators, http://www.uni-marburg.de/mpi/thauer/thauer_res.html, RESID:AA0265]


id: GO:0019921
name: peptidyl-1-thioglycine biosynthetic process, carboxy-terminal
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carboxy-terminal peptidyl-1-thioglycine, which has a carboxy-terminal thiocarboxy-C(=O)-SH bond." [GOC:go_curators, http://www.uni-marburg.de/mpi/thauer/thauer_res.html, RESID:AA0265]


id: GO:0019923
name: alpha-1-microglobulin-chromophore linkage
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The covalent linking of the alpha-1-microglobulin chromophore to the protein; the structure of the chromophore is not known. It is probably heterogeneous and involving two cysteines in thioether bonds." [RESID:AA0224]


id: GO:0019926
name: peptidyl-tryptophan oxidation to tryptophyl quinone
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The oxidation of peptidyl-tryptophan to form tryptophan-6,7-dione, otherwise known as tryptophyl quinone, which is further modified by cross-linking to either tryptophan or cysteine." [PMID:2028257, RESID:AA0148]


id: GO:0019927
name: peptide cross-linking via 4'-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-tryptophyl quinone
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The cross-linking of a cysteine residue to tryptophyl quinone to form 4'-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-tryptophyl quinone, a cofactor found at the active site of amine dehydrogenase." [PDB:1JJU, PMID:11555656, PMID:11717396, RESID:AA0313]


id: GO:0019928
name: peptide cross-linking via 3-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-aspartic acid
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The cross-linking of a cysteine residue to an aspartic acid residue to form 3-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-aspartic acid." [PDB:1JJU, PMID:11555656, PMID:11717396, RESID:AA0314]


id: GO:0019929
name: peptide cross-linking via 4-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-glutamic acid
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The cross-linking of a cysteine residue to a glutamic acid residue to form 4-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-glutamic acid." [RESID:AA0315]


id: GO:0019930
namespace: biological_process
name:
  cis-14-hydroxy-10,13-dioxo-7-heptadecenoic acid peptidyl-aspartate ester biosynthetic process from peptidyl-aspartic acid

def:
  "The modification of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-cis-14-hydroxy-10,13-dioxo-7-heptadecenoic acid aspartate ester, typical of the barley lipid transfer protein 1." [RESID:AA0316]


id: GO:0019932
name: second-messenger-mediated signaling
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via a second messenger; a small molecule or ion that can be quickly generated or released from intracellular stores, and can diffuse within the cell. Second-messenger signaling includes production or release of the second messenger, and effectors downstream of the second messenger that further transmit the signal within the cell." [GOC:signaling, ISBN:0815316194, PMID:15221855, Wikipedia:Second_messenger_system]


id: GO:0019933
name: cAMP-mediated signaling
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via cyclic AMP (cAMP). Includes production of cAMP, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell." [GOC:signaling]


id: GO:0019934
name: cGMP-mediated signaling
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via cyclic GMP (cGMP). Includes production of cGMP, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell." [GOC:signaling]


id: GO:0019935
name: cyclic-nucleotide-mediated signaling
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via a cyclic nucleotide. Includes production or release of the cyclic nucleotide, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell." [GOC:signaling]


id: GO:0019937
name: protein catenane formation via N6-(L-isoaspartyl)-L-lysine, autocatalytic
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The autocatalytic formation of isopeptide bonds by ligation of peptidyl-lysine and peptidyl-asparagine residues; known to occur in the capsid of some bacteriophage, such as HK97, where it is thought to provide a mechanism for stabilizing the capsid." [RESID:AA0294]


id: GO:0019938
name: peptide cross-linking via N6-(L-isoaspartyl)-L-lysine, presumed catalytic
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The formation of isopeptide bonds by ligation of peptidyl-lysine and peptidyl-asparagine residues; occurs in mammals in proteins as yet unidentified by a mechanism probably analogous to that of transglutaminase reactions." [RESID:AA0294]


id: GO:0019939
name: peptidyl-S-palmitoleyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-palmitoleyl-L-cysteine specifically." [RESID:AA0308]


id: GO:0019941
name: modification-dependent protein catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent modification of the target protein." [GOC:go_curators]


id: GO:0019942
name: obsolete NEDD8 class-dependent protein catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 (RUB1) to the target protein." [GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019948
name: SUMO activating enzyme activity
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Catalysis of the activation of the proteolytically processed small ubiquitin-related modifier SUMO, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond." [GOC:rn, PMID:10187858, PMID:11265250]


id: GO:0019950
name: SMT3-dependent protein catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein SMT3 to the target protein." [GOC:jl, PMID:9435231]


id: GO:0019953
name: sexual reproduction
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A reproduction process that creates a new organism by combining the genetic material of two organisms. It occurs both in eukaryotes and prokaryotes: in multicellular eukaryotic organisms, an individual is created anew; in prokaryotes, the initial cell has additional or transformed genetic material. In a process called genetic recombination, genetic material (DNA) originating from two different individuals (parents) join up so that homologous sequences are aligned with each other, and this is followed by exchange of genetic information. After the new recombinant chromosome is formed, it is passed on to progeny." [GOC:jl, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_reproduction, ISBN:0387520546]


id: GO:0019954
name: asexual reproduction
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The biological process in which new individuals are produced by either a single cell or a group of cells, in the absence of any sexual process." [ISBN:0387520546]


id: GO:0019955
name: cytokine binding
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cytokine, any of a group of proteins that function to control the survival, growth and differentiation of tissues and cells, and which have autocrine and paracrine activity." [GOC:ai, GOC:bf, ISBN:0198599471]


id: GO:0019956
name: chemokine binding
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a chemokine. Chemokines are a family of small chemotactic cytokines; their name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells. All chemokines possess a number of conserved cysteine residues involved in intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. Chemokines are found in all vertebrates, some viruses and some bacteria." [GOC:ai, GOC:BHF, GOC:rl, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemokine, PMID:12183377]


id: GO:0019957
name: C-C chemokine binding
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a C-C chemokine; C-C chemokines do not have an amino acid between the first two cysteines of the characteristic four-cysteine motif." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019958
name: C-X-C chemokine binding
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a C-X-C chemokine; C-X-C chemokines have a single amino acid between the first two cysteines of the characteristic four cysteine motif." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019960
name: C-X3-C chemokine binding
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a C-X3-C chemokine; C-X3-C chemokines have three amino acids between the first two cysteines of the characteristic four-cysteine motif." [GOC:ai]


id: GO:0019961
name: interferon binding
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an interferon, a protein produced by the immune systems of many animals in response to a challenge by a foreign agent." [PMID:9607096, Wikipedia:Interferon]


id: GO:0019962
name: type I interferon binding
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type I interferon. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, epsilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families." [GOC:add, ISBN:0126896631, PMID:15546383, PMID:16681834]


id: GO:0019964
name: interferon-gamma binding
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interferon-gamma. Interferon gamma is the only member of the type II interferon found so far." [GOC:add, GOC:ai, ISBN:0126896631, PMID:15546383, PR:000000017]


id: GO:0019975
name: interleukin-17 binding
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines." [GOC:add, GOC:jl]


id: GO:0019985
name: translesion synthesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The replication of damaged DNA by synthesis across a lesion in the template strand; a specialized DNA polymerase or replication complex inserts a defined nucleotide across from the lesion which allows DNA synthesis to continue beyond the lesion. This process can be mutagenic depending on the damaged nucleotide and the inserted nucleotide." [GOC:elh, PMID:10535901]


id: GO:0019987
name: obsolete negative regulation of anti-apoptosis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "OBSOLETE. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anti-apoptosis." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]


id: GO:0019988
name: charged-tRNA amino acid modification
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The covalent alteration of an amino acid charged on a tRNA before it is incorporated into a protein, as in N-formylmethionine, selenocysteine or pyrrolysine." [GOC:jsg]


id: GO:0019990
name: pteridine catabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pteridine, pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine), the parent structure of pterins and the pteroyl group." [ISBN:0198506732]


id: GO:0019991
name: septate junction assembly
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The assembly of a septate junction, an intercellular junction found in invertebrate epithelia that is characterized by a ladder like appearance in electron micrographs and thought to provide structural strength and to provide a barrier to diffusion of solutes through the intercellular space." [GOC:ai, PMID:5272312]


id: GO:0019992
name: diacylglycerol binding
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with diacylglycerol, a diester of glycerol and two fatty acids." [GOC:ma]


id: GO:0020003
name: symbiont-containing vacuole
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "Membrane-bounded vacuole within a host cell in which a symbiont organism resides. The vacuole membrane is derived from both the host and symbiont." [GOC:jl, GOC:mb]


id: GO:0020004
name: symbiont-containing vacuolar space
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "The space between a symbiont plasma membrane and the symbiont-containing vacuole membrane." [GOC:jl, GOC:mb]


id: GO:0020005
name: symbiont-containing vacuole membrane
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "The lipid bilayer surrounding a symbiont-containing vacuole, derived from both the host and symbiont." [GOC:jl, GOC:mb]


id: GO:0020006
name: symbiont-containing vacuolar membrane network
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "Tubular network of extensions from the symbiont-containing vacuole membrane that protrude into the host cytoplasm." [GOC:jl, PMID:3528173]


id: GO:0020007
name: apical complex
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "A group of cytoskeletal structures and associated membrane-bounded organelles found at the anterior end of adult obligate intracellular protozoan parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa. The apical complex is involved in attachment to and penetration of the host cell, and in parasite proliferation." [GOC:giardia, GOC:mb, PMID:16518471]


id: GO:0020008
name: rhoptry
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "A large, club-shaped secretory organelle that forms part of the apical complex of an apicomplexan parasite, and consists of a bulbous body and a narrow electron-dense neck that extends through the conoid at the apical tip of the parasite. The rhoptry necks serve as ducts through which the contents of the rhoptries are secreted after attachment to the host has been completed and at the commencement of invasion. Rhoptry proteins function in the biogenesis and host organellar association of the parasitophorous vacuole." [ISBN:0521664470, PMID:11801218, PMID:16002398]


id: GO:0020009
name: microneme
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "A small, elongated secretory organelle that forms part of the apical complex, located along the main axis of an apicomplexan parasite cell within the extreme apical region and at the periphery under the inner membrane complex. Of the specialized secretory compartments identified in apicomplexans, micronemes discharge their contents first, during initial contact of the parasite's apical pole with the host cell surface. Micronemal proteins function during parasite attachment and penetration into the target cell." [ISBN:0521664470, PMID:11801218]


id: GO:0020010
name: conoid
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "A spiral cytoskeletal structure located at the apical end of the apical complex in some apicomplexan parasites. Fibers form a left-handed spiral, and are comprised of tubulin protofilaments organized in a ribbon-like structure that differs from the conventional tubular structure characteristic of microtubules." [GOC:expert_dr, PMID:11901169, PMID:16518471]


id: GO:0020012
name: evasion or tolerance of host immune response
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any process, either active or passive, by which an organism avoids the effects of the host organism's immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction." [GOC:mb]


id: GO:0020013
name: modulation by symbiont of host erythrocyte aggregation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte aggregation in its host organism, e.g. the binding of parasite-infected erythrocytes to uninfected erythrocytes." [GOC:add, GOC:dgh, GOC:mb, GOC:pr, PMID:19467172, PMID:21305024]


id: GO:0020014
name: schizogony
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Cell division by multiple fission in which nuclei and other organelles in the parent cell divide repeatedly and move to the cell periphery before internal membranes develop around them, producing a large number of daughter cells simultaneously." [GOC:mb]


id: GO:0020015
name: glycosome
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "A membrane-bounded organelle found in organisms from the order Kinetoplastida that houses the enzymes of glycolysis." [GOC:mb]


id: GO:0020016
name: ciliary pocket
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "Invagination of the plasma membrane from which a cilium (also called flagellum) protrudes." [GOC:cilia, GOC:mb]


id: GO:0020018
name: ciliary pocket membrane
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "That part of the plasma membrane found in the ciliary pocket (also called flagellar pocket)." [GOC:cilia, GOC:mb]


id: GO:0020020
name: food vacuole
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "Vacuole within a parasite used for digestion of the host cell cytoplasm. An example of this component is found in the Apicomplexa." [GOC:mb]


id: GO:0020021
name: immortalization of host cell
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The modification of a host cell into an immortal cell line as a consequence of infection. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction." [GOC:mb]


id: GO:0020022
name: acidocalcisome
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "An electron-dense acidic membrane-bounded organelle which contains a matrix of pyrophosphate and polyphosphates with bound calcium and other cations." [GOC:mb]


id: GO:0020023
name: kinetoplast
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "A sub-structure within the large single mitochondrion of kinetoplastid parasites and which is closely associated with the flagellar pocket and basal body of the flagellum." [GOC:mb]


id: GO:0020025
name: subpellicular microtubule
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "Singlet microtubules that lie underneath the inner membrane complex and emanate from the basal ring of the conoid." [GOC:mb]


id: GO:0020026
name: merozoite dense granule
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "Electron-dense organelle with a granular internal matrix found throughout the merozoite life cycle stage of apicomplexan parasites; contains proteins destined to be secreted into the parasitophorous vacuole following parasite invasion of a host cell." [GOC:mb, GOC:mtg_sensu]


id: GO:0020027
name: hemoglobin metabolic process
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The chemical reactions and pathways involving hemoglobin, including its uptake and utilization." [GOC:go_curators, GOC:jl]


id: GO:0020028
name: hemoglobin import
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The directed movement into a tissue, cell or organelle of externally available hemoglobin." [GOC:mb]


id: GO:0020030
name: infected host cell surface knob
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "Protrusion that develops in the plasma membrane of a parasitized erythrocyte. An example of this component is found in Plasmodium species." [GOC:mb]


id: GO:0020031
name: polar ring of apical complex
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "An electron dense ring at the most anterior position of the apical complex, from which the conoid fibers originate; formed during an invasive life cycle stage of an apicomplexan parasite." [GOC:mb, PMID:16518471]


id: GO:0020032
name: basal ring of apical complex
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "An electron dense ring at the most posterior position of the apical complex, from which the subpellicular microtubules originate; formed during an invasive life cycle stage of an apicomplexan parasite." [GOC:mah, PMID:16518471]


id: GO:0020033
name: antigenic variation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Any process involved in the biological strategy of changing antigenic determinants on the surface that are exposed to another organism's immune system." [GOC:mb]


id: GO:0020035
name: cytoadherence to microvasculature, mediated by symbiont protein
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The adherence of symbiont-infected erythrocytes to microvascular endothelium via symbiont proteins embedded in the membrane of the erythrocyte." [GOC:mb]


id: GO:0020036
name: Maurer's cleft
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "A disk-like structure that appears at the periphery of a red blood cell infected by an apicomplexan parasite, characterized by a translucent lumen and an electron-dense coat of variable thickness; often appears to be tethered to the host cell membrane by fibrous connections with the erythrocyte cytoskeleton." [PMID:16705161]


id: GO:0020037
name: heme binding
namespace: molecular_function
def:
  "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring." [CHEBI:30413, GOC:ai]


id: GO:0020038
name: subpellicular network
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "A mechanically stable cytoskeletal structure associated with the cytoplasmic face of the pellicle and surrounding the microtubule-based cytoskeleton." [PMID:11420112]


id: GO:0020039
name: pellicle
namespace: cellular_component
def:
  "The structure enclosing an apicomplexan parasite cell; consists of the cell membrane with its associated infrastructure of microtubules, microfilaments and other organelles." [GOC:mah, GOC:mb]


id: GO:0021501
name: prechordal plate formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The formation of the prechordal plate. The prechordal plate is a thickening of the endoderm at the cranial end of the primitive streak formed by the involution of Spemann's organizer cells. The prechordal plate and the notochord induce the formation of the neural plate from the overlying ectodermal cells." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021502
name: neural fold elevation formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the lateral borders of the neural plate begin to migrate upwards to form the neural folds, caused by the proliferation of the underlying mesoderm." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:15806586]


id: GO:0021503
name: neural fold bending
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The morphogenesis of the neural fold elevations that results in the movement of the tips of the elevations towards each other in order to fuse." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:15806586]


id: GO:0021504
name: neural fold hinge point formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The formation of the median and lateral hinge points in the neural folds. These are created by apical constriction and basal expansion of the underlying neural cells. The median hinge point extends for the entire length of the neural tube, and the lateral hinge points do not form in the spinal cord region of the neural tube." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:13679871, PMID:15806586]


id: GO:0021505
name: neural fold folding
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process of folding the neuroepithelium around the medial hinge point to create the neural elevations, and around the lateral hinge points to produce convergence of the folds." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:13679871, PMID:15806586]


id: GO:0021506
name: anterior neuropore closure
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The joining together of the neural folds of the rostral opening of the neural tube. The anterior neuropore appears before the process of neural tube closure is complete." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021507
name: posterior neuropore closure
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The joining together of the neural folds of the caudal opening of the neural tube. The posterior neuropore appears before the process of neural tube closure is complete." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021508
name: floor plate formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The formation of a ventral region of glial cells in the neural tube that provides inductive signals for the specification of neuronal cell types. The floor plate is evident at the ventral midline by the neural fold stage." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:11262869]


id: GO:0021509
name: roof plate formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The formation of a single row of glia at the dorsal midline of the developing neural tube. This region provides inductive signals for the specification of neuronal cell types and of the specification of neural crest cells. The cells comprising the roof plate are the precursors to radial glial cells." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:15936325]


id: GO:0021510
name: spinal cord development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spinal cord primarily conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses between the brain and the peripheral nervous tissues." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021511
name: spinal cord patterning
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The regionalization process that regulates the coordinated growth and establishes the non-random spatial arrangement of the spinal cord." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021512
name: spinal cord anterior/posterior patterning
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random anterior-posterior spatial arrangement of the spinal cord." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021513
name: spinal cord dorsal/ventral patterning
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random dorsal-ventral spatial arrangement of the spinal cord." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021514
name: ventral spinal cord interneuron differentiation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of ventral spinal cord interneurons. Ventral spinal cord interneurons are cells located in the ventral portion of the spinal cord that transmit signals between sensory and motor neurons and are required for reflexive responses. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:11262869]


id: GO:0021515
name: cell differentiation in spinal cord
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the spinal cord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:11262869]


id: GO:0021516
name: dorsal spinal cord development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal region of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The dorsal region of the mature spinal cord contains neurons that process and relay sensory input." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:11179871]


id: GO:0021517
name: ventral spinal cord development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral region of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neurons of the ventral region of the mature spinal cord participate in motor output." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021518
name: spinal cord commissural neuron specification
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a commissural neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021519
name: spinal cord association neuron specification
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an association neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021520
name: spinal cord motor neuron cell fate specification
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a motor neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021521
name: ventral spinal cord interneuron specification
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a ventral spinal cord interneuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021522
name: spinal cord motor neuron differentiation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of motor neurons. Motor neurons innervate an effector (muscle or glandular) tissue and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:11262869]


id: GO:0021523
name: somatic motor neuron differentiation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of somatic motor neurons. Somatic motor neurons innervate skeletal muscle targets and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:11262869]


id: GO:0021524
name: visceral motor neuron differentiation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of visceral motor neurons. Visceral motor neurons innervate glandular targets and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:11262869]


id: GO:0021525
name: lateral motor column neuron differentiation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which differentiating motor neurons in the neural tube acquire the specialized structural and/or functional features of lateral motor column neurons. Lateral motor column neurons are generated only on limb levels and send axons into the limb mesenchyme. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:11262869]


id: GO:0021526
name: medial motor column neuron differentiation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which differentiating motor neurons in the neural tube acquire the specialized structural and/or functional features of medial motor column neurons. Medial motor column neurons are generated at all rostrocaudal levels and send axons to the axial muscles (medial group) and to the body wall muscles (lateral group). Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:11262869]


id: GO:0021527
name: spinal cord association neuron differentiation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of association neurons. Association neurons are cells located in the dorsal portion of the spinal cord that integrate sensory input. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:11262869]


id: GO:0021528
name: commissural neuron differentiation in spinal cord
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of commissural neurons. Commissural neurons in both vertebrates and invertebrates transfer information from one side of their bodies to the other through the midline. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:11262869]


id: GO:0021529
name: spinal cord oligodendrocyte cell differentiation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of oligodendrocytes. Oligodendrocytes are non-neuronal cells. The primary function of oligodendrocytes is the myelination of nerve axons in the central nervous system. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021530
name: spinal cord oligodendrocyte cell fate specification
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oligodendrocyte in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021531
name: spinal cord radial glial cell differentiation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of radial glial cells. Radial cell precursors differentiate into both neuronal cell types and mature radial glial cells. Mature radial glial cells regulate the axon growth and pathfinding processes that occur during white matter patterning of the developing spinal cord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:16185248]


id: GO:0021532
name: neural tube patterning
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The regionalization process that regulates the coordinated growth that establishes the non-random spatial arrangement of the neural tube." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021533
name: cell differentiation in hindbrain
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cells of the hindbrain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021534
name: cell proliferation in hindbrain
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the hindbrain." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021535
name: cell migration in hindbrain
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The orderly movement of a cell that will reside in the hindbrain." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021536
name: diencephalon development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the diencephalon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The diencephalon is the paired caudal parts of the prosencephalon from which the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus are derived; these regions regulate autonomic, visceral and endocrine function, and process information directed to the cerebral cortex." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021537
name: telencephalon development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the telencephalon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The telencephalon is the paired anteriolateral division of the prosencephalon plus the lamina terminalis from which the olfactory lobes, cerebral cortex, and subcortical nuclei are derived." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:12626695]


id: GO:0021538
name: epithalamus development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The progression of the epithalamus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The epithalamus is the small dorsomedial area of the thalamus including the habenular nuclei and associated fiber bundles, the pineal body, and the epithelial roof of the third ventricle." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021539
name: subthalamus development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the subthalamus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The subthalamus is the anterior part of the diencephalon that lies between the thalamus, hypothalamus, and tegmentum of the mesencephalon, including subthalamic nucleus, zona incerta, the fields of Forel, and the nucleus of ansa lenticularis." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021540
name: corpus callosum morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structures of the corpus callosum are generated and organized. The corpus callosum is a thick bundle of nerve fibers comprising a commissural plate connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. It consists of contralateral axon projections that provides communications between the right and left cerebral hemispheres." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021541
name: ammon gyrus development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ammon gyrus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ammon gyrus, often subdivided into the CA1 and CA3 regions, is one of the two interlocking gyri of the hippocampus that is rich in large pyramidal neurons." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021542
name: dentate gyrus development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dentate gyrus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The dentate gyrus is one of two interlocking gyri of the hippocampus. It contains granule cells, which project to the pyramidal cells and interneurons of the CA3 region of the ammon gyrus." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021543
name: pallium development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pallium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pallium is the roof region of the telencephalon." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:12626695]


id: GO:0021544
name: subpallium development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the subpallium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The subpallium is the base region of the telencephalon." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:12626695]


id: GO:0021545
name: cranial nerve development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cranial nerves over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021546
name: rhombomere development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the rhombomere over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021547
name: midbrain-hindbrain boundary initiation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The regionalization process that gives rise to the midbrain-hindbrain boundary. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:15541513]


id: GO:0021548
name: pons development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pons over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021549
name: cerebellum development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. In mice, the cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021550
name: medulla oblongata development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the medulla oblongata over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021551
name: central nervous system morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structure of the central nervous system is generated and organized. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0582227089]


id: GO:0021552
name: midbrain-hindbrain boundary structural organization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary structure. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:15541513]


id: GO:0021553
name: olfactory nerve development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the olfactory nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021554
name: optic nerve development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the optic nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021555
name: midbrain-hindbrain boundary morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structure of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary is generated and organized. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:15541513]


id: GO:0021556
name: central nervous system formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to the central nervous system. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0582227089]


id: GO:0021557
name: oculomotor nerve development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the oculomotor nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021558
name: trochlear nerve development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trochlear nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021559
name: trigeminal nerve development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trigeminal nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021560
name: abducens nerve development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the abducens nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021561
name: facial nerve development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the facial nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives off nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021562
name: vestibulocochlear nerve development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vestibulocochlear nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021563
name: glossopharyngeal nerve development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021564
name: vagus nerve development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vagus nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021565
name: accessory nerve development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the accessory nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mice, the spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021566
name: hypoglossal nerve development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hypoglossal nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021567
name: rhombomere 1 development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 1 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021568
name: rhombomere 2 development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 2 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021569
name: rhombomere 3 development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 3 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021570
name: rhombomere 4 development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 4 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021571
name: rhombomere 5 development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 5 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021572
name: rhombomere 6 development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 6 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021573
name: rhombomere 7 development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 7 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021574
name: rhombomere 8 development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 8 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021575
name: hindbrain morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structure of the hindbrain is generated and organized. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021576
name: hindbrain formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to the hindbrain. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021577
name: hindbrain structural organization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the hindbrain. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021578
name: hindbrain maturation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the hindbrain to attain its fully functional state. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021579
name: medulla oblongata morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structure of the medulla oblongata is generated and organized. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021580
name: medulla oblongata formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to the medulla oblongata. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021581
name: medulla oblongata structural organization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the medulla oblongata. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021582
name: medulla oblongata maturation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the medulla oblongata to attain its fully functional state. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021583
name: pons morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structure of the pons is generated and organized. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021584
name: pons formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to the pons. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021585
name: pons structural organization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the pons. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021586
name: pons maturation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the pons to attain its fully functional state. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021587
name: cerebellum morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structure of the cerebellum is generated and organized. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021588
name: cerebellum formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to the cerebellum. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021589
name: cerebellum structural organization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellum. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021590
name: cerebellum maturation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellum to attain its fully functional state. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021591
name: ventricular system development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain ventricular system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The brain ventricular system consists of four communicating cavities within the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord. These cavities include two lateral ventricles, the third ventricle and the fourth ventricle. Cerebrospinal fluid fills the ventricles and is produced by the choroid plexus." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021592
name: fourth ventricle development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fourth ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fourth ventricle is an irregularly shaped cavity in the rhombencephalon, between the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the isthmus in front, and the cerebellum behind. It is continuous with the central canal of the cord below and with the cerebral aqueduct above, and through its lateral and median apertures it communicates with the subarachnoid space." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0683400078]


id: GO:0021593
name: rhombomere morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structure of the rhombomere is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021594
name: rhombomere formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to the rhombomere. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021595
name: rhombomere structural organization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the rhombomere structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021597
name: central nervous system structural organization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the central nervous system structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0582227089]


id: GO:0021598
name: abducens nerve morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structure of the abducens nerve is generated and organized. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021599
name: abducens nerve formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to the abducens nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021600
name: abducens nerve structural organization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the abducens nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021601
name: abducens nerve maturation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the abducens nerve to attain its fully functional state. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021602
name: cranial nerve morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structure of the cranial nerves are generated and organized. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021603
name: cranial nerve formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to the cranial nerves. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021604
name: cranial nerve structural organization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cranial nerves. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021605
name: cranial nerve maturation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cranial nerve to attain its fully functional state. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021606
name: accessory nerve maturation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the accessory nerve to attain its fully functional state. The spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021607
name: accessory nerve morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structure of the accessory nerve is generated and organized. The spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021608
name: accessory nerve formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to the accessory nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021609
name: accessory nerve structural organization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the accessory nerve This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021610
name: facial nerve morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structure of the facial nerve is generated and organized. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021611
name: facial nerve formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to the facial nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021612
name: facial nerve structural organization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the facial nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021613
name: facial nerve maturation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the facial nerve to attain its fully functional state. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021614
name: glossopharyngeal nerve maturation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the glossopharyngeal nerve to attain its fully functional state. Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021615
name: glossopharyngeal nerve morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structure of the glossopharyngeal nerve is generated and organized. Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021616
name: glossopharyngeal nerve formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to the glossopharyngeal nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021617
name: glossopharyngeal nerve structural organization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the glossopharyngeal nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021618
name: hypoglossal nerve morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structure of the hypoglossal nerve is generated and organized. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021619
name: hypoglossal nerve maturation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the hypoglossal nerve to attain its fully functional state. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021620
name: hypoglossal nerve formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to the hypoglossal nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021621
name: hypoglossal nerve structural organization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the hypoglossal nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021622
name: oculomotor nerve morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structure of the oculomotor nerve is generated and organized. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021623
name: oculomotor nerve formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021624
name: oculomotor nerve structural organization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021625
name: oculomotor nerve maturation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the oculomotor nerve to attain its fully functional state. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021626
name: central nervous system maturation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the central nervous system to attain its fully functional state. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0582227089]


id: GO:0021627
name: olfactory nerve morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structure of the olfactory nerve is generated and organized. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021628
name: olfactory nerve formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to the olfactory nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021629
name: olfactory nerve structural organization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021630
name: olfactory nerve maturation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the olfactory nerve to attain its fully functional state. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021631
name: optic nerve morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structure of the optic nerve is generated and organized. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021632
name: optic nerve maturation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the optic nerve to attain its fully functional state. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021633
name: optic nerve structural organization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the optic nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021634
name: optic nerve formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to the optic nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021635
name: trigeminal nerve maturation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the trigeminal nerve to attain its fully functional state. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021636
name: trigeminal nerve morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structure of the trigeminal nerve is generated and organized. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021637
name: trigeminal nerve structural organization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021638
name: trigeminal nerve formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to the trigeminal nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021639
name: trochlear nerve morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structure of the trochlear nerve is generated and organized. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021640
name: trochlear nerve maturation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the trochlear nerve to attain its fully functional state. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021641
name: trochlear nerve structural organization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the trochlear nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021642
name: trochlear nerve formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to the trochlear nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021643
name: vagus nerve maturation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the vagus nerve to attain its fully functional state. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021644
name: vagus nerve morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structure of the vagus nerve is generated and organized. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021645
name: vagus nerve structural organization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the vagus nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021646
name: vagus nerve formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to the vagus nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021647
name: vestibulocochlear nerve maturation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the vestibulocochlear nerve to attain its fully functional state. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021648
name: vestibulocochlear nerve morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structure of the vestibulocochlear nerve is generated and organized. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021649
name: vestibulocochlear nerve structural organization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the vestibulocochlear nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021650
name: vestibulocochlear nerve formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to the vestibulocochlear nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021651
name: rhombomere 1 morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 1 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021652
name: rhombomere 1 formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to rhombomere 1. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021653
name: rhombomere 1 structural organization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 1. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021654
name: rhombomere boundary formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to a rhombomere boundary. This process pertains to the initial formation of a boundary delimiting a rhombomere. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon that are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021655
name: rhombomere 2 morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 2 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021656
name: rhombomere 2 structural organization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 2. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021657
name: rhombomere 2 formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to rhombomere 2. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021658
name: rhombomere 3 morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 3 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021659
name: rhombomere 3 structural organization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 3. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021660
name: rhombomere 3 formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to rhombomere 3. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021661
name: rhombomere 4 morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 4 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021662
name: rhombomere 4 structural organization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 4. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021663
name: rhombomere 4 formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to rhombomere 4. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021664
name: rhombomere 5 morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structures of rhombomere 5 are generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021665
name: rhombomere 5 structural organization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 5. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021666
name: rhombomere 5 formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to rhombomere 5. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021667
name: rhombomere 6 morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 6 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021668
name: rhombomere 6 structural organization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 6. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021669
name: rhombomere 6 formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to rhombomere 6. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021670
name: lateral ventricle development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral ventricles over time, from the formation to the mature structure. The two lateral ventricles are a cavity in each of the cerebral hemispheres derived from the cavity of the embryonic neural tube. They are separated from each other by the septum pellucidum, and each communicates with the third ventricle by the foramen of Monro, through which also the choroid plexuses of the lateral ventricles become continuous with that of the third ventricle." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0683400078]


id: GO:0021671
name: rhombomere 7 morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 7 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021672
name: rhombomere 7 structural organization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 7. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021673
name: rhombomere 7 formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to rhombomere 7. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021674
name: rhombomere 8 morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 8 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021675
name: nerve development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021676
name: rhombomere 8 structural organization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 8. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021677
name: rhombomere 8 formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to rhombomere 8. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021678
name: third ventricle development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the third ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The third ventricle is the narrow cleft inferior to the corpus callosum, within the diencephalon, between the paired thalami. Its floor is formed by the hypothalamus, its anterior wall by the lamina terminalis, and its roof by ependyma, and it communicates with the fourth ventricle by the cerebral aqueduct, and with the lateral ventricles by the interventricular foramina." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0683400078]


id: GO:0021679
name: cerebellar molecular layer development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar molecular layer nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021680
name: cerebellar Purkinje cell layer development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021681
name: cerebellar granular layer development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar granule layer over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021682
name: nerve maturation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a nerve to attain its fully functional state." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021683
name: cerebellar granular layer morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structure of the cerebellar granular layer is generated and organized. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021684
name: cerebellar granular layer formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to the cerebellar granule layer. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021685
name: cerebellar granular layer structural organization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellar granule layer. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021686
name: cerebellar granular layer maturation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellar granular layer to attain its fully functional state. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021687
name: cerebellar molecular layer morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structure of the cerebellar molecular layer is generated and organized. The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021688
name: cerebellar molecular layer formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to the cerebellar molecular layer. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021689
name: cerebellar molecular layer structural organization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellar molecular layer. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021690
name: cerebellar molecular layer maturation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellar molecular layer to attain its fully functional state. The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021691
name: cerebellar Purkinje cell layer maturation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer to attain its fully functional state. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021692
name: cerebellar Purkinje cell layer morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structure of the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer is generated and organized. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021693
name: cerebellar Purkinje cell layer structural organization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021694
name: cerebellar Purkinje cell layer formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021695
name: cerebellar cortex development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar cortex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021696
name: cerebellar cortex morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structure of the cranial nerves are generated and organized. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021697
name: cerebellar cortex formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to the cerebellar cortex. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021698
name: cerebellar cortex structural organization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellar cortex. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021699
name: cerebellar cortex maturation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellar cortex to attain its fully functional state. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021700
name: developmental maturation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure, cell or cellular component to attain its fully functional state." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021701
name: cerebellar Golgi cell differentiation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar Golgi cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a Golgi cell fate. A cerebellar Golgi cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:15157725]


id: GO:0021702
name: cerebellar Purkinje cell differentiation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar Purkinje cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a Purkinje cell fate. A Purkinje cell is an inhibitory GABAergic neuron found in the cerebellar cortex that projects to the deep cerebellar nuclei and brain stem." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:15157725]


id: GO:0021703
name: locus ceruleus development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the locus ceruleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021704
name: locus ceruleus morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structure of the locus ceruleus is generated and organized. In mice, the locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021705
name: locus ceruleus formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to the locus ceruleus. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. In mice, the locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021706
name: locus ceruleus maturation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the locus ceruleus to attain its fully functional state. The locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021707
name: cerebellar granule cell differentiation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar granule cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a granule cell fate. A granule cell is a glutamatergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:15157725]


id: GO:0021708
name: Lugaro cell differentiation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature Lugaro cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a Lugaro cell fate. A Lugaro cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:15157725]


id: GO:0021709
name: cerebellar basket cell differentiation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar basket cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a cerebellar basket cell fate. A cerebellar basket cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:15157725]


id: GO:0021710
name: cerebellar stellate cell differentiation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar stellate cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a cerebellar stellate cell fate. A cerebellar stellate cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:15157725]


id: GO:0021711
name: cerebellar unipolar brush cell differentiation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature unipolar brush cell in the cerebellum. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a unipolar brush cell fate. A unipolar brush cell is a glutamatergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:15157725]


id: GO:0021712
name: candelabrum cell differentiation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature candelabrum cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a candelabrum cell fate. A candelabrum cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:15157725]


id: GO:0021713
name: inferior olivary nucleus development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inferior olivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021714
name: inferior olivary nucleus morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structure of the inferior olivary nucleus is generated and organized. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021715
name: inferior olivary nucleus formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to the inferior olivary nucleus. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021716
name: inferior olivary nucleus structural organization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the inferior olivary nucleus structure. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021717
name: inferior olivary nucleus maturation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the inferior olivary nucleus to attain its fully functional state. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021718
name: superior olivary nucleus development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior olivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021719
name: superior olivary nucleus morphogenesis
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which the anatomical structure of the superior olivary nucleus is generated and organized. In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021720
name: superior olivary nucleus formation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that gives rise to the superior olivary nucleus. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021721
name: superior olivary nucleus structural organization
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the superior olivary nucleus structure. In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021722
name: superior olivary nucleus maturation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the superior olivary nucleus to attain its fully functional state. The superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0838580343]


id: GO:0021723
name: medullary reticular formation development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the medullary reticular formation over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The medullary reticular formation is a series of brain nuclei located in the medulla oblongata." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cjm, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhombencephalon, http://www.brainspan.org]


id: GO:0021724
name: inferior raphe nucleus development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inferior raphe nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cjm, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:cvs, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:19003874, ZFA:0000366]


id: GO:0021725
name: superior raphe nucleus development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior raphe nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cjm, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:cvs, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:19003874, ZFA:0000440]


id: GO:0021726
name: lateral reticular nucleus development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral reticular nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021727
name: intermediate reticular formation development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the intermediate reticular formation over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021728
name: inferior reticular formation development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inferior reticular formation over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021729
name: superior reticular formation development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior reticular formation over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021730
name: trigeminal sensory nucleus development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trigeminal sensory nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021731
name: trigeminal motor nucleus development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trigeminal motor nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021732
name: midbrain-hindbrain boundary maturation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the midbrain-hindbrain boundary to attain its fully functional state. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:15541513]


id: GO:0021735
name: dentate nucleus development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dentate nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021736
name: globose nucleus development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the globose nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021737
name: emboliform nucleus development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the emboliform nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021738
name: fastigial nucleus development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fastigial nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021739
name: mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021740
name: principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pontine nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021741
name: spinal trigeminal nucleus development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spinal trigeminal nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021742
name: abducens nucleus development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the abducens nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021743
name: hypoglossal nucleus development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hypoglossal nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021744
name: dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021745
name: nucleus ambiguus development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nucleus ambiguus over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021746
name: solitary nucleus development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the solitary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021747
name: cochlear nucleus development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cochlear nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021748
name: dorsal cochlear nucleus development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal cochlear nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021749
name: ventral cochlear nucleus development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral cochlear nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021750
name: vestibular nucleus development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vestibular nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:16221589]


id: GO:0021751
name: salivary nucleus development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a salivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021752
name: inferior salivary nucleus development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inferior salivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021753
name: superior salivary nucleus development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior salivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021754
name: facial nucleus development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the facial nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06]


id: GO:0021755
name: eurydendroid cell differentiation
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature eurydendroid cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a eurydendroid cell fate. A eurydendroid cell is an efferent neuron found in the cerebellar cortex of teleosts." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, PMID:15892096]


id: GO:0021756
name: striatum development
namespace: biological_process
def:
  "The progression of the striatum over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The striatum is a region of the forebrain consisting of the caudate nucleus, putamen and fundus striati." [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, ISBN:0878937420]


